What's the difference between atropine and tropine?
Atropine
Definition:
(n.) A poisonous, white, crystallizable alkaloid, extracted from the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and the Datura Stramonium, or thorn apple. It is remarkable for its power in dilating the pupil of the eye. Called also daturine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Comparison if single injections of MSB and atropine in normal subjects also demonstrated a more reliable dose-response relationship with MSB.
(2) ), but it was potentiated by either atropine (5 mg kg-1 i.p.)
(3) Eight healthy, nonsmoking subjects received 1.7, 3.4, and 5.2 mg of atropine sulfate by inhalation and 1.67 mg of atropine free base (equivalent to 2 mg of atropine sulfate) by intramuscular (i.m.)
(4) Anti-histamine and anti-serotonin drugs, as well as substances capable of blocking synthesis of prostaglandins or activation of the kinin system, and also atropine, were ineffective in reducing the responses to TsTX or electrical stimuli.
(5) Neither atropine (1.4 X 10(-6) M) nor propranolol (3.4 X 10(-6) M) blocked the inhibitory action of neurotensin (10(-8) M) on the inhibitory potential.
(6) The effect was countered by prior administration of atropine into the site.
(7) The effects were atropine-resistant and qualitatively similar to those seen with cocaine.
(8) Atropine (1 microM) was used to block the muscarinic cholinoceptors.
(9) The vagally induced pyloric contraction was resistant to atropine but sensitive to SPA and hexamethonium, indicating involvement of SP in the activation of preganglionic neurons as well.
(10) Carbachol microinjected into the LRN also produced an antinociception which was attenuated significantly by atropine but not naloxone previously microinjected into the same site in the LRN.
(11) However, when parasympathetic activity was abolished by atropine and tracheal tone was restored with 5-hydroxytryptamine, benzodiazepines applied on the VMS had no effect on tracheal pressure.
(12) The inhibitory response was not decreased by treatment with atropine, hexamethonium, yohimbine or naloxone, suggesting that muscarinic, nicotinic, alpha 2 adrenergic or opiate receptors were not being stimulated.
(13) The inhibitory phase was blocked by atropine and the excitatory phase was eliminated by tubocurarine chloride, hexamethonium bromide or pindolol.
(14) Acetylcholine increases their turnover, Atropine reduces it, and the addition of atropine counteracts the effect of acetylcholine in all these phospholipids.
(15) Hypoxic exposure following atropine treatment resulted in progressive increases in PVA, Q and stroke volume; fH decreased during the recovery period.
(16) In LM strips, the contractile responses to tachykinins were unaffected by spantide and methysergide, but partly decreased by tetrodotoxin and atropine.
(17) Atropine significantly reduced rhinorrhea, the levels of histamine, and TAME-esterase activity as well as the osmolality of recovered lavage fluids, but had no effect on nasal congestion or albumin.
(18) Combined propranolol-atropine blockade increased heart rate at rest in the SAP state, and significantly attenuated the tachycardia accompanying treadmill exercise.
(19) Atropine inhibited insulin release induced by both acetylcholine and by 16.4 mM glucose.
(20) Atropine stimulated significantly the rat liver and esophagus carcinogenesis, whereas the alpha-adrenoblocking agent, a pyrrhoxane analogue, and, particularly, proserine inhibited these processes.
Tropine
Definition:
(n.) A white crystalline alkaloid, C8H15NO, produced by decomposing atropine.
Example Sentences:
(1) Our findings indicate that endothelial receptors are characterised by a high affinity for scopolamine, which possesses a scopine base, and that muscle binding sites have a high affinity for antagonists possessing a tropine base (atropine, homatropine).
(2) Simple benzoyl derivatives of tropine and 3 alpha-aminotropane possessed weak 5HT3 receptor antagonist activity, as judged by blockade of bradycardia produced by iv injection of serotonin (5HT) to anesthetized rats.
(3) Noratropine (24%), atropine-N-oxide (equatorial isomer) (15%), tropine (2%) and tropic acid (3%) appear to be the major metabolites, while 50% of the administered dose is excreted as apparently unchanged atropine.
(4) Endocrine active substances of interest to the gynecologist produced under these circumstances include gonadotropin, lactogens, thyrotropins, and adrenocortico-tropin, as well as calcium-mobilizing and erythropoietic substances.
(5) Localization studies of the hypothalamohypophysial and tuberoinfundibular neurosecretory systems were performed in the adult male mallard duck with an immunoperoxidase techinque for the demonstration of neurophysin (NP) and gonado-tropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) and with aldehyde fuchsin for the staining of neuosecretory material (NSM).
(6) A 2.0-mL blood specimen containing deuterated N-methyl-atropine as the internal standard was alkaline-hydrolyzed to convert atropine to tropine.
(7) The influence of ecgonine, tropine, tropinon, and some of their derivatives, propan, N-methylpyrrholidine, N-methylpiperidine on impulse summation in the central nervous system, conditioned reflex of avoidance, antagonism to hexenal, synergisim to cocaine and also their toxicity (LD50) have been studied under experimental conditions.
(8) The fasting plasma concentration of the pituitary peptide beta-cell tropin [beta-CT, adrenocorticotropic hormone-(22-39)] was measured in 17 rhesus monkeys from a colony known to develop spontaneous obesity.
(9) beta-Cell tropin, the pituitary peptide ACTH22-39, is a potent insulin secretagogue and stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue in rodents.
(10) The tropine was extracted by organic solvent which was evaporated to dryness.
(11) Tropine p-chlorophenyl acetate (TPClphiA), which differs from TPTA only by the substitution of a p-Cl for a p-CH(3) group on the benzene ring, had a negligible effect on axonal excitability.
(12) Structural factors which interfere with the conformational changes occurring in the receptor protein induced by an activator are characterized through differences obtained by the comparative investigation of the activities of the agonist acetate and the antagonist benzilate amino esters of quinuclidine, tropine, and pseudotropine.
(13) It was shown that the hypotensive and bradycardiac properties of Gardenia extract were entirely abolished in a tropinized and vagotomized rats, but only partially attenuated in carotid sinus denervated rats, and that low cervical spinal transection in rats did not inhibit the hypotensive responses.
(14) Tropine (tropan-3 alpha-ol) is an intermediate in the formation of hyoscyamine.
(15) The diabetic subjects had raised fasting plasma beta-cell tropin compared with the normal subjects (geometric mean (1 SD range): 0.49 (0.25-0.96) nM and 0.17 (0.10-0.28) nM, respectively, P = 0.007).
(16) Lactating and non-lactating rat brown adipocytes were used to study the dose-dependent stimulation of lipogenesis by Beta-cell tropin (BCT) and insulin.
(17) beta-Cell tropin concentrations in the diabetic subjects rose to 1.31 (0.74-2.30) nM (P = 0.007), whereas beta-cell tropin did not change in the normal subjects at 0.19 (0.11-0.91) nM.
(18) In two subjects, a biphasic response of both tropins was present.
(19) The pharmacokinetics of atropine and its primary metabolite, tropine, were determined simultaneously.
(20) A specific tropine alkaloid assay may provide supporting evidence.