(v. t.) To make thin or slender, as by mechanical or chemical action upon inanimate objects, or by the effects of starvation, disease, etc., upon living bodies.
(v. t.) To make thin or less consistent; to render less viscid or dense; to rarefy. Specifically: To subtilize, as the humors of the body, or to break them into finer parts.
(v. t.) To lessen the amount, force, or value of; to make less complex; to weaken.
(v. i.) To become thin, slender, or fine; to grow less; to lessen.
(a.) Alt. of Attenuated
Example Sentences:
(1) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
(2) The results are consistent with our previous suggestion that lethality for virulent SFV infection results from a lethal threshold of damage to neurons in the CNS and that attenuating mutations may reduce neuronal damage below this threshold level.
(3) Exposure to nanomolar concentrations of saralasin, an Ang II agonist, attenuated the passage of the fluorophores across the monolayers by 50-75%.
(4) Furthermore, the ability of a vasopressin antagonist to lower arterial pressure in NTS hypertensive rats was markedly attenuated by clonidine treatment.
(5) These results indicate that during IPPV the increased Pcv attenuates the pressure gradient for venous return and decreases CO and that the compensatory increase in Psf is caused by a blood shift from unstressed to stressed blood volume.
(6) Mild, significant improvement was noted in one of the hearing components, "attenuation," and an adverse effect was shown on "distortion," owing to noise.
(7) It inhibits platelet and vascular smooth muscle activation by cGMP-dependent attenuation of the agonist-induced rise of intracellular free Ca2+.
(8) Genetic regulation of the ilvGMEDA cluster involves attenuation, internal promoters, internal Rho-dependent termination sites, a site of polarity in the ilvG pseudogene of the wild-type organism, and autoregulation by the ilvA gene product, the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase.
(9) Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction.
(10) Propranolol, 0.85 X 10(-6) M, did not significantly depress the ouabain-enhanced rate of phase 4 depolarization but did attenuate the response to epinephrine through beta blockade.
(11) After large bowel removal, there was impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated plasma insulin secretion.
(12) Studies were conducted in isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine if prostaglandin (PG) E1 attenuated pulmonary edema provoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
(13) The toxins preferentially attenuate a slow phase of KCl-evoked glutamate release which may be associated with synaptic vesicle mobilization.
(14) The Northern quahaug and a strain of the type 1 attenuated poliovirus were used as the working model.
(15) Our dynamic study indicated that: 1) a bolus injection of contrast medium with our method of CTA (CTA-B) produced an attenuation difference between liver and tumor which was about double that obtained with standard methods for CTA, and 2) marked tumor-liver attenuation differences (above 20 HU) persisted for more than 60 s in CTA-B and for not more than 20 s with conventional methods for CTA.
(16) It appears that the viscosity of the arterial wall must be the major source of attenuation in the larger arteries, while the viscosity of the blood plays a significant role only in the smaller vessels.
(17) Fluid movement out of the ICF space attenuated the decrease in the ECF space.
(18) We show that the two mutants (A44 and A46) affect attenuator control by different mechanisms.
(19) The type I cells are squamous and give off attenuated sheets of cytoplasm which spread widely over the septal surface; these sheets contain few organelles.
(20) A sequence of seven pairings of chili-flavored diet with prompt recovery from thiamine deficiency did significantly attenuate the innate aversion and may have induced a chili preference in at least one case.
Retard
Definition:
(v. t.) To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress; to render more slow in progress; to impede; to hinder; as, to retard the march of an army; to retard the motion of a ship; -- opposed to accelerate.
(v. t.) To put off; to postpone; as, to retard the attacks of old age; to retard a rupture between nations.
(v. i.) To stay back.
(n.) Retardation; delay.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is followed by rapid neurobehavioral deterioration in late infancy or early childhood, a developmental arrest, plateauing, and then either a course of retarded development or continued deterioration.
(2) Low birth weight, short stature, and mental retardation were common features in the four known patients with r(8).
(3) It was found that preterm infants (delivered before 38 weeks of gestation) had nine times the early neonatal mortality of term infants, irrespective of growth retardation patterns.
(4) Instead of later renal failure and, of course, mental retardation, it was the histological features of the fetus eyes which permit to diagnose and exhibit both congenital cataract and irido-corneal angle dysgenesis.
(5) In the interim, sonographic studies during pregnancy in women at risk for AIDS may be helpful in identifying fetal intrauterine growth retardation and may help raise our level of suspicion for congenital AIDS.
(6) Three types of responses were observed: group A, no inhibition of gastric acid secretion occurred in 17 (40%) ulcer patients and in three (18%) controls (p less than 0.05); group B, inhibition of gastric acidity occurred in seven (16%) ulcer patients and in 12 (71%) controls (p less than 0.05), and group C, retarded gastric acid inhibition occurred in 19 (44%) duodenal ulcer patients and in 2 (12%) controls (p less than 0.05).
(7) This new way of thinking is reflected in the 1992 AAMR definition of what mental retardation is (Luckasson et al., 1992).
(8) Confirmation of the striking correlation between increased urinary ammonia and lowered neonatal ponderal index may afford a simple test for the identification of nutrient-related growth retardation.
(9) Governmental officials as well as medical scientists in Taiwan have worked hard in recent years to develop and to implement various measures, such as prenatal diagnosis and neonatal screening, to lower the incidence of hereditary diseases and mental retardation in the population.
(10) A lower than normal percentage of REM sleep in these patients was consistent with their retarded intellectual development, which supports current thinking that REM sleep may be a sensitive index of brain function integrity.
(11) Bone age has been analyzed mixed-longitudinally in a subsample of 370 patients (660 observations) and showed a slight retardation at all ages between 6 and 13 yr. Development of pubic hair of 91 subjects analyzed cross-sectionally was definitely retarded when compared to adequate reference data.
(12) The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.
(13) However, patients can be taught how to retard the onset of wrinkles by avoiding unprotected sun exposure, unnecessary facial movements, and certain sleeping positions.
(14) Between-group responsivity differences suggest developmental retardation in term (38-42 weeks) SGA newborns, but the faster SGA latencies may reflect 'induced' acceleration in auditory neurophysiologic function.
(15) Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques.
(16) Thus, the patient with asymptomatic bacteriuria and a positive FA test is at greater risk of delivering an intrauterine growth-retarded infant.
(17) Diffusional anisotropy of water protons, induced by nonrandom, directional barriers which hinder or retard water motion, is measurable by MRI.
(18) Partial duplication of the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 5, on the other hand, is associated mainly with musculoskeletal abnormalities including muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, scoliosis, lordosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, and genu valgum, in addition to psychomotor retardation.
(19) In contrast, the same concentration of isopropanol produced narcosis in the dams, retarded body-weight gain and reduced the feed intake.
(20) A lysosomal membrane labilizer, vitamin A, exacerbated the cartilage pathology, whereas a stabilizer, cortisone, retarded it.