What's the difference between attenuation and level?

Attenuation


Definition:

  • (n.) The act or process of making slender, or the state of being slender; emaciation.
  • (n.) The act of attenuating; the act of making thin or less dense, or of rarefying, as fluids or gases.
  • (n.) The process of weakening in intensity; diminution of virulence; as, the attenuation of virus.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) This suggested that the chemical effects produced by shock waves were either absent or attenuated in the cells, or were inherently less toxic than those of ionizing irradiation.
  • (2) The results are consistent with our previous suggestion that lethality for virulent SFV infection results from a lethal threshold of damage to neurons in the CNS and that attenuating mutations may reduce neuronal damage below this threshold level.
  • (3) Exposure to nanomolar concentrations of saralasin, an Ang II agonist, attenuated the passage of the fluorophores across the monolayers by 50-75%.
  • (4) Furthermore, the ability of a vasopressin antagonist to lower arterial pressure in NTS hypertensive rats was markedly attenuated by clonidine treatment.
  • (5) These results indicate that during IPPV the increased Pcv attenuates the pressure gradient for venous return and decreases CO and that the compensatory increase in Psf is caused by a blood shift from unstressed to stressed blood volume.
  • (6) Mild, significant improvement was noted in one of the hearing components, "attenuation," and an adverse effect was shown on "distortion," owing to noise.
  • (7) It inhibits platelet and vascular smooth muscle activation by cGMP-dependent attenuation of the agonist-induced rise of intracellular free Ca2+.
  • (8) Genetic regulation of the ilvGMEDA cluster involves attenuation, internal promoters, internal Rho-dependent termination sites, a site of polarity in the ilvG pseudogene of the wild-type organism, and autoregulation by the ilvA gene product, the biosynthetic L-threonine deaminase.
  • (9) Pharmacodynamic relationships are not well established for other therapeutic effects of theophylline, such as attenuation of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction.
  • (10) Propranolol, 0.85 X 10(-6) M, did not significantly depress the ouabain-enhanced rate of phase 4 depolarization but did attenuate the response to epinephrine through beta blockade.
  • (11) After large bowel removal, there was impaired glucose tolerance and attenuated plasma insulin secretion.
  • (12) Studies were conducted in isolated, buffer-perfused rat lungs to determine if prostaglandin (PG) E1 attenuated pulmonary edema provoked by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
  • (13) The toxins preferentially attenuate a slow phase of KCl-evoked glutamate release which may be associated with synaptic vesicle mobilization.
  • (14) The Northern quahaug and a strain of the type 1 attenuated poliovirus were used as the working model.
  • (15) Our dynamic study indicated that: 1) a bolus injection of contrast medium with our method of CTA (CTA-B) produced an attenuation difference between liver and tumor which was about double that obtained with standard methods for CTA, and 2) marked tumor-liver attenuation differences (above 20 HU) persisted for more than 60 s in CTA-B and for not more than 20 s with conventional methods for CTA.
  • (16) It appears that the viscosity of the arterial wall must be the major source of attenuation in the larger arteries, while the viscosity of the blood plays a significant role only in the smaller vessels.
  • (17) Fluid movement out of the ICF space attenuated the decrease in the ECF space.
  • (18) We show that the two mutants (A44 and A46) affect attenuator control by different mechanisms.
  • (19) The type I cells are squamous and give off attenuated sheets of cytoplasm which spread widely over the septal surface; these sheets contain few organelles.
  • (20) A sequence of seven pairings of chili-flavored diet with prompt recovery from thiamine deficiency did significantly attenuate the innate aversion and may have induced a chili preference in at least one case.

Level


Definition:

  • (n.) A line or surface to which, at every point, a vertical or plumb line is perpendicular; a line or surface which is everywhere parallel to the surface of still water; -- this is the true level, and is a curve or surface in which all points are equally distant from the center of the earth, or rather would be so if the earth were an exact sphere.
  • (n.) A horizontal line or plane; that is, a straight line or a plane which is tangent to a true level at a given point and hence parallel to the horizon at that point; -- this is the apparent level at the given point.
  • (n.) An approximately horizontal line or surface at a certain degree of altitude, or distance from the center of the earth; as, to climb from the level of the coast to the level of the plateau and then descend to the level of the valley or of the sea.
  • (n.) Hence, figuratively, a certain position, rank, standard, degree, quality, character, etc., conceived of as in one of several planes of different elevation.
  • (n.) A uniform or average height; a normal plane or altitude; a condition conformable to natural law or which will secure a level surface; as, moving fluids seek a level.
  • (n.) An instrument by which to find a horizontal line, or adjust something with reference to a horizontal line.
  • (n.) A measurement of the difference of altitude of two points, by means of a level; as, to take a level.
  • (n.) A horizontal passage, drift, or adit, in a mine.
  • (a.) Even; flat; having no part higher than another; having, or conforming to, the curvature which belongs to the undisturbed liquid parts of the earth's surface; as, a level field; level ground; the level surface of a pond or lake.
  • (a.) Coinciding or parallel with the plane of the horizon; horizontal; as, the telescope is now level.
  • (a.) Even with anything else; of the same height; on the same line or plane; on the same footing; of equal importance; -- followed by with, sometimes by to.
  • (a.) Straightforward; direct; clear; open.
  • (a.) Well balanced; even; just; steady; impartial; as, a level head; a level understanding. [Colloq.]
  • (a.) Of even tone; without rising or falling inflection.
  • (v. t.) To make level; to make horizontal; to bring to the condition of a level line or surface; hence, to make flat or even; as, to level a road, a walk, or a garden.
  • (v. t.) To bring to a lower level; to overthrow; to topple down; to reduce to a flat surface; to lower.
  • (v. t.) To bring to a horizontal position, as a gun; hence, to point in taking aim; to aim; to direct.
  • (v. t.) Figuratively, to bring to a common level or plane, in respect of rank, condition, character, privilege, etc.; as, to level all the ranks and conditions of men.
  • (v. t.) To adjust or adapt to a certain level; as, to level remarks to the capacity of children.
  • (v. i.) To be level; to be on a level with, or on an equality with, something; hence, to accord; to agree; to suit.
  • (v. i.) To aim a gun, spear, etc., horizontally; hence, to aim or point a weapon in direct line with the mark; fig., to direct the eye, mind, or effort, directly to an object.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Cancer patients showed abnormally high plasma free tryptophan levels.
  • (2) Similar experimental manipulation has yielded in vitro lines established from avian B-cell lymphomas expressing elevated levels of c-myc or v-rel.
  • (3) Multiple stored energy levels were randomly tested and the percent successful defibrillation was plotted against the stored energy, and the raw data were fit by logistic regression.
  • (4) Serum levels of both dihydralazine and metabolites were very low and particularly below the detection limit.
  • (5) Carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, volumes, and temperatures of expired gas were measured from the tracheal and esophageal tubes.
  • (6) Since fingernail creatinine (Ncr) reflects serum creatinine (Scr) at the time of nail formation, it has been suggested that Ncr level might represent that of Scr around 4 months previously.
  • (7) Disease stabilisation was associated with prolonged periods of comparatively high plasma levels of drug, which appeared to be determined primarily by reduced drug clearance.
  • (8) The significance of minor increases in the serum creatinine level must be recognized, so that modifications of drug therapy can be made and correction of possibly life-threatening electrolyte imbalances can be undertaken.
  • (9) The high amino acid levels in the cells suggest that these cells act as inter-organ transporters and reservoirs of amino acids, they have a different role in their handling and metabolism from those of mammals.
  • (10) LHRH therapy leads to higher plasma LH levels and a lower FSH in response to an intravenous LHRH test.
  • (11) On the other hand, the LAP level, identical in preterms and SDB, is lower than in full-term infants but higher than in adults.
  • (12) BL6 mouse melanoma cells lack detectable H-2Kb and had low levels of expression of H-2Db Ag.
  • (13) Together these results suggest that IVC may operate as a selective activator of calpain both in the cytosol and at the membrane level; in the latter case in synergism with the activation induced by association of the proteinase to the cell membrane.
  • (14) Participants (n=165) entering a week-long outpatient education program completed a protocol measuring self-care patterns, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and emotional well-being.
  • (15) Measurement of the intraspinal monoamine level revealed a decrease in the intraspinal norepinephrine level in the treated animals.
  • (16) The level of gadd45 mRNA increased rapidly after X rays at doses as low as 2 Gy.
  • (17) Irrespective of the type of arthropathy, synovial fluid dialysable hydroxyproline levels correlate with urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
  • (18) This induction is sensitive to actinomycin D but not to protein synthesis inhibitor puromycin, indicating an effect of estradiol at the transcriptional level, possibly mediated by the estrogen receptor.
  • (19) Quantitative determinations indicate that the amount of PBG-D mRNA is modulated both by the erythroid nature of the tissue and by cell proliferation, probably at the transcriptional level.
  • (20) This new observation offers good possibilities to study the metabolism of tryptophan at the cellular level.