What's the difference between attribution and imputation?

Attribution


Definition:

  • (n.) The act of attributing or ascribing, as a quality, character, or function, to a thing or person, an effect to a cause.
  • (n.) That which is ascribed or attributed.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) We attribute this in part to early diagnosis by computed tomography (CT), but a contributory factor may be earlier referrals from country centres to a paediatric trauma centre and rapid transfer, by air or road, by medical retrieval teams.
  • (2) Inhibition of thymidine uptake is attributed to an observed decrease in thymidine kinase activity caused by growth in 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and possibly to a simultaneous alteration in membrane permeability.
  • (3) There were no deaths attributable to the treatment.
  • (4) Most of the infection was attributed to T. parva parva by application of field ticks to susceptible cattle.
  • (5) Our study suggests that a major part of the renal antimineralocorticoid activity of spironolactone may be attributable to minor sulfur-containing metabolites or their precursors having a high renal clearance that affords access to their site of activity via the renal tubular fluid.
  • (6) In vitro studies in cardiac Purkinje fibers suggested that reversal of amitriptyline-induced cardiac membrane effects by sodium bicarbonate may be attributed not only to alkalinization but also to increased in extracellular sodium concentration, diminishing the local anesthetic action of amitriptyline and resulting in less sodium channel block.
  • (7) Relative to the perceived severity of their asthma, both Maoris and Pacific Islanders lost more time from work or school and used hospital services more than European asthmatics using A & E. The increased use of A & E by Maori and Pacific Island asthmatics seemed not attributable to the intrinsic severity of their asthma and was better explained by ethnic, socioeconomic and sociocultural factors.
  • (8) Most survivors reported a range of problems that they attributed to having had cancer: 35%, proven or perceived infertility; 24%, sexual problems; 31%, health and life insurance problems; 26%, a negative socioeconomic effect; and 51%, conditioned nausea, associated with visual or olfactory reminders of chemotherapy.
  • (9) Their best evaluations were in medical care, personal attributes and communication.
  • (10) Many of the pathophysiologic effects of bacterial endotoxin have recently been attributed to a monokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
  • (11) Results of this sort are reminiscent of several related findings that have been attributed to auditory adaptation or enhancement, or to a temporally developing critical-band filter.
  • (12) In Study 4, attributional biases and deficits were found to be positively correlated with the rate of reactive aggression (but not proactive aggression) displayed in free play with peers (N = 127).
  • (13) The prevalence of kola nut chewing and the effects attributed to it are briefly reviewed.
  • (14) The following results were obtained: 1) In normal subjects, the changes in ABR waveforms according to the changes of the rise-time, interstimulus interval and frequency of the stimulus were mainly attributed to component wave C. 2) In patients with central disorders, component wave C were initially affected.
  • (15) The decrease in cyclic AMP response to TSH induced to TSH was reversible, was not associated with a similar decrease to cyclic AMP response to PGE1, and could not be attributed to increased phosphodiesterase activity or to decreased adenyl cyclase activity.
  • (16) Line broadening detected in several of the high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectra was attributed to cis-trans isomerization.
  • (17) We attribute the greater strength of the step-cut repair to the additional number of epitendinous loops, which lie perpendicular to the long axis of the tendon.
  • (18) Cardiac bradyarrhythmias in hypoxia have been attributed to an increased formation and release of adenosine.
  • (19) Those small problems which exist can be attributed to detector sampling problems, especially in the axial direction, which is a consequence of the geometry of these scanners, which are designed primarily for 2D data acquisition.
  • (20) These properties of the tissue culture-derived scrapie agent were identical to those of brain-derived scrapie agent and thus cannot be attributed to secondary effects of tissue pathology, since the infected cell cultures show no cytopathic effects as a result of infection.

Imputation


Definition:

  • () The act of imputing or charging; attribution; ascription; also, anything imputed or charged.
  • () Charge or attribution of evil; censure; reproach; insinuation.
  • () A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another; as, the imputation of the sin of Adam, or the righteousness of Christ.
  • () Opinion; intimation; hint.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) in horses is imputed to the small numbers of people involved in the work, to the conservation of the authorities responsible for breeding, to the wrong choice of stallions for A.I.
  • (2) the ISR can be inhibited by direct neural imput to the pancreas, and this inhibition is mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors.
  • (3) In the absence of clinically noticeable symptoms or neurologic signs of central type, more than 65% of the patients showed an increase of slow activities together with a reduction of the alpha activity presumably imputable only to the respiratory pathology.
  • (4) The author gives a critical account of the development of views regarding the imputability of sexual delinquents and the possibility of protective therapy in sexual deviations.
  • (5) Sicca syndromes with sometimes lymphocytic infiltrate similar to those of Sjögren's syndrome were occasionally imputed to drug reactions.
  • (6) While missing data has been handled by a conservative imputation rule, the fact that so many persons are unable to provide an answer to this key question casts doubt on the accuracy of the answers that were given.
  • (7) Tugendhat described the "imputation" from the NME magazine articles as a "very serious one".
  • (8) It is argued that this arrangement of afferent imput may afford a convergence of limbic and sensory information in area PG and that this may subserve a significant function in the process of sensory attention.
  • (9) I argue by illustration that, first of all, it does make good sense to see the option to be lesbian as genuine for women in a fairly common sort of circumstance; that recognizing the genuineness of this option, however, does not impute to such women major control over their lives; that choosing to be lesbian may actually narrow rather than expand one's present options; and that nevertheless it is important to acknowledge such choices for their potentialities, in community, to change the meaning of "lesbian" in liberatory ways.
  • (10) Increase in cardiac output during cold air (1 degree C) exposure is thus only imputed to the higher heart rate partly due to hypersecretion of catecholamines.
  • (11) A review of the legal aspects recalls the principles of imputability in cases of cancer and trauma.
  • (12) These two imputs overlap in the central region of the nucleus.
  • (13) Yet their anxieties, fears, affects, the nature of their information-seeking and goal-setting, their efforts to deal with reality by controlling imput, and the ways in which they seek help and socialize, are all themes common among other groups of patients experiencing stress as the result of sudden illness or injury.
  • (14) We find that the method rarely imputes trial-to-trial variation to data sets that have an unchanging signal, while it almost always produces less error than averaging when estimating a varying signal.
  • (15) NDI is a well recognized complication of primary hyperparathyroidism, generally imputed to hypercalcemia, and promptly reversible after correcting it.
  • (16) The significance of these sources of afferent imputs to the lateral cerebellar nucleus is discussed.
  • (17) The purpose of this report is to document the procedures used in the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to select the sample, weight the data to produce national estimates, impute missing data, and estimate sampling errors.
  • (18) Using imputability scales made it possible to reduce the cause-effect relationship in 26 p. 100 of the cases.
  • (19) CAP combination chemotherapy was well tolerated without nephrotoxicity, which can be imputed to the strong saline hydration given.
  • (20) Imputability to a post-radiology bilateral external carotid thrombosis is evoked, where the diagnosis of tumoral recurrence and Horton's disease have been ruled out.