(a.) Not well advanced in learning; not quick of apprehension; dull; inapt; as, a backward child.
(a.) Late or behindhand; as, a backward season.
(a.) Not advanced in civilization; undeveloped; as, the country or region is in a backward state.
(a.) Already past or gone; bygone.
(n.) The state behind or past.
(v. i.) To keep back; to hinder.
Example Sentences:
(1) This movement generates forward and backward shearing force in the stagnation region as the separated flow migrates back and forth.
(2) The estimated forward (k) and backward (1) rate constants are: 2.45 x I05 M-1 s- and 0.23 x 103 s-1, respectively, for k and I for the case when the drug is trapped by both activation and inactivation gates, and 3.58 x 105 M-l s-l and 4.15 x 10-3 S-l for the case when the drug is not trapped.
(3) On physical examination the patients complained of pain on both passive flexion and internal rotation of the hip, and when the thigh was pushed backwards at 90 degrees of flexion.
(4) The effects of maxillary protracting bow appliance were the maxillary forward movement associated with counter-clockwise rotation of the nasal floor and the mandibular backward movement associated with clockwise rotation.
(5) Treadmill acceleration impulses were backwards or forwards directed, or their direction was inverted after 30 ms. Backwards directed impulses were followed by gastrocnemius and forwards directed ones by tibialis anterior EMG responses (latency 65-75 ms) whose duration depended on impulse duration.
(6) For all my enthusiasm, my family must have felt we were taking a step backwards in lifestyle.
(7) The response was composed of an isometric phase, during which the body weight was shifted from the stimulated limb to the opposite forelimb while the stimulated limb was gently pushed backwards, and a movement phase during which the stimulated paw actually accomplished the placing reaction.
(9) Older subjects were found to be significantly more susceptible to the backward masking effect over longer delays between the target and masking stimuli.
(10) Those with unstable Dunlop test responses were much more likely to be backward or low normal readers than children with stable responses.
(11) The effects of interval duration as well as of repeated presentation of paired stimuli on backward connections show that these factors are of considerable importance for their formation.
(12) They need not tilt the head backwards during inhalation or hold their breath afterwards.
(13) Unsurprisingly, one of the three lonely references at the end of O'Reilly's essay is to a 2012 speech entitled " Regulation: Looking Backward, Looking Forward" by Cass Sunstein , the prominent American legal scholar who is the chief theorist of the nudging state.
(14) Results for the backward-counting condition duplicate, for the retention intervals used, the shape of the classic Peterson and Peterson forgetting curve but indicate little loss of memory in either the rehearsal or alpha conditions.
(15) But we won't be taking a backwards step, not this week, not this year, or next year or ever."
(16) Twenty-four male graduate volunteers were administered a battery of psychological tests--critical flicker fusion (CFF; alternate and simultaneous), reaction time (simple and choice), memory (forward and backward), and associative recall--to ascertain their performance capability during the different times of day.
(17) We implemented a parallel version of the backward error propagation neural network training algorithm in the widely portable parallel programming language C-Linda.
(18) The target patterns varied in the number of line segments that they contained and were presented in the presence or absence of a backward-masking stimulus.
(19) We self-censure because it would put us all back, it would diminish who we are.” Of course she’s a feminist: “That just means believing that women can do everything men can but backwards in heels with a cherry on top.
(20) Facebook Twitter Pinterest Britain needs to talk about the R-word: racism It is also a wakeup call to those who recognise racism only when it is played out like a scene from Django Unchained , those who think that racism has to be some vulgar incident perpetrated only by the backward, ignorant and poorly educated, those who believe that racism has to be an act, rather than a complicated and intangible framework that sets up obstacles.
Irreversible
Definition:
(a.) Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backward; as, an irreversible engine.
(a.) Incapable of being reversed, recalled, repealed, or annulled; as, an irreversible sentence or decree.
Example Sentences:
(1) The specific limited trypsinolysis of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase (T7RP) was performed in the presence of various components of the polymerase reaction and some GTP-analogs--irreversible inhibitors of the enzyme.
(2) At 24 or 48 hours after ischemia, 63Ni, 99TcO4, and 22Na were preferentially concentrated in the damaged striatum and hippocampus, whereas 65Zn, 59Fe, 32PO4, and 147Pm did not accumulate in irreversibly injured tissue.
(3) The illumination of the F1-ATPase complexes with NAB-ADP or NAB-GDP leads to the covalent binding of one nucleotide analogue molecule to the enzyme and to the irreversible inactivation of F1-ATPase.
(4) The inhibition was irreversible, as well as time and concentration dependent, which indicates a suicide-inhibition type of metabolism.
(5) It is unclear if the changes in high-energy phosphates during endotoxin shock cause irreversibility.
(6) These studies indicate that, in three models of acute liver injury, the net influx of calcium across the plasma membrane is increased early in the evolution of the injury before irreversible damage occurs.
(7) The kinetics of association of the radioligand suggested the presence of a rapidly associating, reversible binding site, and a slowly associating, apparently irreversible one.
(8) The high capacity of irreversible synthetic-state, smooth muscle cells to bind and accumulate beta-VLDL in contrast to the relative immunity of contractile cells may be relevant to the genesis of atherosclerosis in the rabbit and possibly also in humans.
(9) In the MVD, all esters appeared to irreversibly block the agonist effect of morphine, but none of the compounds irreversibly antagonized [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin to a significant degree.
(10) The coronary vasoconstrictor response produced by ibopamine was inhibited completely by the irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, whereas the response produced by epinine was transformed into relaxation which was inhibited by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol.
(11) It is concluded that vasectomy should no longer be considered an irreversible procedure.
(12) No correlation occurred between specific immunopatterns and irreversible brochopulmonary lesions.
(13) In patients under anti-epileptic therapy it is readily possible for the clinical picture to be concealed, and this may then result in irreversible damage due to the disturbance of metabolism remaining uninfluenced.
(14) When tissue metabolism was irreversibly inhibited by exposure to formaldehyde, hydrogen ion concentration and pCO2 were significantly decreased in the mucosal side of the chamber compared with the viable gall bladder.
(15) More than 20 years ago Olney and his colleagues described the 'Excitotoxic Hypothesis' which postulates that, in addition to its normal function in the healthy brain, glutamate can kill neurons by prolonged, receptor-mediated depolarization resulting in irreversible disturbances in ion homeostasis.
(16) Hypercalcaemia is a common disorder, which frequently requires specific treatment either to control symptoms, or to prevent the development of irreversible organ damage or death.
(17) The kinetics of inactivation of the Mg(2+)-containing enzyme in 8 M-urea at higher temperatures suggest a partially unfolded Mg-A-B* dimer intermediate with 50% activity, followed by irreversible inactivation coincident with the appearance of unfolded monomer.
(18) The rate of the irreversible damage to the reaction center II, caused by exposure of spinach thylakoids to high light was slowed down by anaerobic conditions and by lowering the temperature.
(19) Rheumatoid arthritis, a disease of unknown aetiology, has a multifactorial pathogenesis which may result in irreversible connective tissue destruction and loss of joint function.
(20) Although neither patient exhibited a toxic effect, these levels may be associated with an increased risk of thioridazine-induced irreversible pigmentary retinopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, and tardive dyskinesia.