(1) In addition to oncogenes, the transferred DNA contains genes that direct the synthesis and exudation of opines, which are used as nutrients by the bacteria.
(2) The pH gradient measured with dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and acetylsalicylic acid was very small in both bacteria at a high pH above 8, and was not affected significantly by the addition of CCCP.
(3) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(4) Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the pathogenicity of these infections is not clearly defined.
(5) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(6) The authors conclude that H. pylori alone causes little or no effect on an intact gastric mucosa in the rat, that either intact organisms or bacteria-free filtrates cause similar prolongation and delayed healing of pre-existing ulcers with active chronic inflammation, and that the presence of predisposing factors leading to disruption of gastric mucosal integrity may be required for the H. pylori enhancement of inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach.
(7) Thirty-two strains of pectin-fermenting rumen bacteria were isolated from bovine rumen contents in a rumen fluid medium which contained pectin as the only added energy source.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) Preincubation of the bacteria at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a noticeable decrease in adherence.
(10) An sdh-specific transcript of about 3,450 nucleotides was detected in vegetative bacteria.
(11) The authors present the first results on the utilization of fish infusion (IFP) as a basic medium for the cultivation of bacteria.
(12) Phospholipid changes occurring at later stages in the lytic cycle of infected bacteria are more prominent than those at earlier time intervals.
(13) The most commonly encountered organisms were aerobic bacteria (91%), anaerobes (74%), and fungi (48%).
(14) Resistance to antibiotics have been detected in food poisoning bacteria, namely Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens.
(15) Bacteria can stop or lessen antibodies synthesis process.
(16) Among the agents triggering such an infection Chlamydia (30.9% of the cases of non-gonorrhoic urethritis), as well as mycoplasma, ureaplasma, anaerobic bacteria and herpes simplex viruses have gained particular significance.
(17) Mu does not grow lytically in or kill him bacteria but can lysogenize such hosts.
(18) Tunnel-like formations at different depths of the oral epithelium contained higher numbers of bacteria than those seen on the adjacent oral surface.
(19) The cells were taken from cultures in low-density balanced exponential growth, and the experiments were performed quickly so that the bacteria were in a uniform physiological state at the time of measurement.
(20) Subgingival plaque was sampled and the presence or absence of the above mentioned bacteria assessed with BANA reagent cards (Perio Scan).
Blackleg
Definition:
(n.) A notorious gambler.
(n.) A disease among calves and sheep, characterized by a settling of gelatinous matter in the legs, and sometimes in the neck.
Example Sentences:
(1) Agglutination tests are not suitable for the estimation of the protective antibody level in the sera of vaccinated animals and should not be used for the quality control testing of blackleg vaccines.
(2) Results of changes in the haematological values in calves infected with blackleg organisms, showed an increase in RBC, PCV, Hb and the total leukocyte count.
(3) Songs helped shape popular moods: Richard Thompson’s Blackleg Miner highlighted the plight of colliery workers, while Song of the Lower Classes by the chartist poet MP Ernest Jones drew on rousing works such as Shelley’s Mask of Anarchy .
(4) High efficiencies of transformation to hygromycin resistance were achieved employing the bacterial hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene with N. crassa, the patulin-producer Penicillium urticae, and the causal agent of blackleg disease of crucifers, Leptosphaeria maculans.
(5) The Pathological Division devoted a good deal of its efforts to the production of biologic prophylactic products, with resounding success in controlling blackleg and other diseases.
(6) The house mouse (laboratory strain), Mus musculus (L.), the cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus (LeConte), the broad-headed skink, Eumeces laticeps (Schneider), and the guinea pig, Cavia porcellus (L.), were successively infested five times with larvae of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say.
(7) Preconditioned calves were weaned 30 days before the sale, used to drinking from a tank, and vaccinated against blackleg, malignant edema, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), parainfluenza-3 (PI3) and bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) in 1970 and 1971, and Pasteurella hemolytica and multocida in 1971.
(8) The guinea pig laboratory model is considered to be a valid indicator of field performance for vaccines containing blackleg antigen.
(9) The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, previously known to occur only in the extreme southeastern corner of Kansas, has been collected in Douglas and Jefferson counties in the northeast.
(10) Blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei) infection in Charollais cattle appears to have undergone some etiological and pathogenic changes which are reflected in the apparent failure of vaccination.
(11) Some examples of such associations of vaccines are: (1) cattle plague + pleuropneumonia and possibly anthrax, (2) anthrax + blackleg, (3) sheeppox + anthrax, (4) pleuropneumonia + blackleg, (5) Newcastle disease + fowlpox + fowl typhoid, (6) fowl typhoid + chicken pasteurellosis.
(12) The occurrence of both organisms in the same lesion has been rarely reported and differential diagnosis with blackleg is difficult in the absence of bacteriological tests.
(13) Canadian isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg of crucifers, were examined for genetic relatedness by the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay.
(14) The PC program included weaning calves 30 days before sale, having calves eating grain from a bunk and drinking from a tank, vaccinated against blackleg, malignant edema, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and bovine parainfluenza virus (PI3).
(15) Clostridium chauvoei CH3 and Kad1 strains were found to cause marked changes in the blood parameters during the course of blackleg disease.
(16) An iatrogenic cause cannot be overruled as routine mass vaccination against blackleg are practiced in the area with possible introduction of spores through infection material.
(17) Twelve commercial 5-component clostridial vaccines with known variations in potency of the blackleg (Clostridium chauvoei) component, were simultaneously tested in sheep and guinea pigs.
(18) After a general introduction and a section on the isolation of anaerobes, the various diseases caused by clostridia (botulism, tetanus, blackleg, malignant oedema, infectious necrotic hepatitis, enterotoxaemia and gas gangrene) and Gram-negative anaerobes (infections due to Fusobacterium and Bacteroides spp., such as diphtheria, footrot, etc.)
(19) In addition to establishing genetic relationships, DNA fingerprints generated by the random amplified polymorphic DNA assay have potential applications in pathotype identification and blackleg disease management.
(20) Few other presidents of the Royal Agricultural Society or the Royal Smithfield Club could recite a flock's afflictions as she could – "Orf scrapie, swayback, blackleg, water mouth or rattlebelly, scab and footrot, scad or scald" – or work with a sheepdog, and she appreciated a whippet or two about her feet.