What's the difference between bacteria and urobilin?
Bacteria
Definition:
(n.p.) See Bacterium.
(pl. ) of Bacterium
Example Sentences:
(1) In addition to oncogenes, the transferred DNA contains genes that direct the synthesis and exudation of opines, which are used as nutrients by the bacteria.
(2) The pH gradient measured with dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione and acetylsalicylic acid was very small in both bacteria at a high pH above 8, and was not affected significantly by the addition of CCCP.
(3) The causative organisms included viruses, fungi, and bacteria of both high and low pathogenicity.
(4) Anaerobes, in particular Bacteroides spp., are the predominant bacteria present in mixed intra-abdominal infections, yet their critical importance in the pathogenicity of these infections is not clearly defined.
(5) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(6) The authors conclude that H. pylori alone causes little or no effect on an intact gastric mucosa in the rat, that either intact organisms or bacteria-free filtrates cause similar prolongation and delayed healing of pre-existing ulcers with active chronic inflammation, and that the presence of predisposing factors leading to disruption of gastric mucosal integrity may be required for the H. pylori enhancement of inflammation and tissue damage in the stomach.
(7) Thirty-two strains of pectin-fermenting rumen bacteria were isolated from bovine rumen contents in a rumen fluid medium which contained pectin as the only added energy source.
(8) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(9) Preincubation of the bacteria at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes and ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a noticeable decrease in adherence.
(10) An sdh-specific transcript of about 3,450 nucleotides was detected in vegetative bacteria.
(11) The authors present the first results on the utilization of fish infusion (IFP) as a basic medium for the cultivation of bacteria.
(12) Phospholipid changes occurring at later stages in the lytic cycle of infected bacteria are more prominent than those at earlier time intervals.
(13) The most commonly encountered organisms were aerobic bacteria (91%), anaerobes (74%), and fungi (48%).
(14) Resistance to antibiotics have been detected in food poisoning bacteria, namely Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens.
(15) Bacteria can stop or lessen antibodies synthesis process.
(16) Among the agents triggering such an infection Chlamydia (30.9% of the cases of non-gonorrhoic urethritis), as well as mycoplasma, ureaplasma, anaerobic bacteria and herpes simplex viruses have gained particular significance.
(17) Mu does not grow lytically in or kill him bacteria but can lysogenize such hosts.
(18) Tunnel-like formations at different depths of the oral epithelium contained higher numbers of bacteria than those seen on the adjacent oral surface.
(19) The cells were taken from cultures in low-density balanced exponential growth, and the experiments were performed quickly so that the bacteria were in a uniform physiological state at the time of measurement.
(20) Subgingival plaque was sampled and the presence or absence of the above mentioned bacteria assessed with BANA reagent cards (Perio Scan).
Urobilin
Definition:
(n.) A yellow pigment identical with hydrobilirubin, abundant in the highly colored urine of fever, and also present in normal urine. See Urochrome.
Example Sentences:
(1) The microflora also influence the degradation of mucin, the conversion of urobilin to urobilinogen, of cholesterol to coprostanol, and the production of short chain fatty acids.
(2) The residual part of urobilinogen is further reduced to urobilin, stercobilin and dipyrrolmethenes and excreted in the faeces.
(3) These results point unambiguously to a urobilin structure with one vinyl and one ethyl beta-substituent.
(4) Isomeric forms of mesobiliviolin IXalpha and of i-urobilin IXalpha may also be formed.
(5) Chromic acid degradation of a d-urobilin, obtained after incubation of bilirubin in fecal bacterial cultures, gave methylvinylmaleimide and methylethylmaleimide.
(6) Measurements of the temperature dependence of the circular dichroism spectra of l-stercobilin and d-urobilin show that the conformations of these optically-active urobilinoids change with temperature between 163 and 297 degrees K. These conformational changes depend critically on the hydrogen bonding characteristics of the solvent.
(7) After oxidation of urobilinogen with iodine, the concentration of the resulting urobilin is directly determined from the absorption (or fluorescent) spectrum.
(8) High sensitivity and high specificity for the procedure result from the high value of absorption coefficient and by the characteristic absorption spectrum of zinc complex of urobilin, respectively.
(9) Serial estimations of SGOT and SGPT activity, urine tests for urobilin and bilirubin and haematological investigations were undertaken at frequent intervals.
(10) These results, coupled with those of earlier studies, also establish the absolute configuration of the (+)-urobilin 7 and of the phycobilin 8 at C-7'.
(11) These results indicate establishment of microbes capable of converting bilirubin to urobilins within the second year of life.
(12) This appears to be due to the interference of the large amounts of urobilin present in the urine of these patients.
(13) Previous methods to quantitate urobilinogen lack precision due to either incomplete reduction of urobilin or to losses of pigment before the use of Ehrlich's aldehyde reaction or due to pigment precipitation, as occurs in Schlesinger's fluorescent assay.
(14) i-Urobilin and 1-stercobilin were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase octadecylsilane-bonded column and detected fluorimetrically through formation of phosphor with zinc ions in the eluent.
(15) The following biochemical characteristics were studied in feces from children of 0-61 months of age: conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol and bilirubin to urobilins, inactivation of trypsin and degradation of mucin.
(16) With the use of tests for the demonstration of urobilin and urobilinogen in the urine no dependable idea could be found of the status of the pigment fraction in the liver of ketosis-affected cows or the fact that this fraction was involved to a considerable extent.
(17) The present procedure modifies the latter assay to obviate described problems as it is based on direct spectrophotometry (or spectrofluorometry) of a zinc complex of urobilin in dimethylsulfoxide.
(18) This last [corrected] case was negative for both blood and porphyrin in the urine, but positive for excess levels of urobilin, the oxidative product of urobilinogen.
(19) Bilirubin and urobilin, metabolic derivatives of BV, showed slight inhibitory effects on virus replication in the cells.
(20) and paper chromatography) analysis of the oxidized form of the labelled compound allowed its identification as urobilin-i.