What's the difference between band and fold?

Band


Definition:

  • (v. t.) A fillet, strap, or any narrow ligament with which a thing is encircled, or fastened, or by which a number of things are tied, bound together, or confined; a fetter.
  • (v. t.) A continuous tablet, stripe, or series of ornaments, as of carved foliage, of color, or of brickwork, etc.
  • (v. t.) In Gothic architecture, the molding, or suite of moldings, which encircles the pillars and small shafts.
  • (v. t.) That which serves as the means of union or connection between persons; a tie.
  • (v. t.) A linen collar or ruff worn in the 16th and 17th centuries.
  • (v. t.) Two strips of linen hanging from the neck in front as part of a clerical, legal, or academic dress.
  • (v. t.) A narrow strip of cloth or other material on any article of dress, to bind, strengthen, ornament, or complete it.
  • (v. t.) A company of persons united in any common design, especially a body of armed men.
  • (v. t.) A number of musicians who play together upon portable musical instruments, especially those making a loud sound, as certain wind instruments (trumpets, clarinets, etc.), and drums, or cymbals.
  • (v. t.) A space between elevated lines or ribs, as of the fruits of umbelliferous plants.
  • (v. t.) A stripe, streak, or other mark transverse to the axis of the body.
  • (v. t.) A belt or strap.
  • (v. t.) A bond
  • (v. t.) Pledge; security.
  • (v. t.) To bind or tie with a band.
  • (v. t.) To mark with a band.
  • (v. t.) To unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.
  • (v. i.) To confederate for some common purpose; to unite; to conspire together.
  • (v. t.) To bandy; to drive away.
  • () imp. of Bind.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) These studies led to the following conclusions: (a) all the prominent NHP which remain bound to DNA are also present in somewhat similar proportions in the saline-EDTA, Tris, and 0.35 M NaCl washes of nuclei; (b) a protein comigrating with actin is prominent in the first saline-EDTA wash of nuclei, but present as only a minor band in the subsequent washes and on washed chromatin; (c) the presence of nuclear matrix proteins in all the nuclear washes and cytosol indicates that these proteins are distributed throughout the cell; (d) a histone-binding protein (J2) analogous to the HMG1 protein of K. V. Shooter, G.H.
  • (2) Oligoclonal bands were not detected in any of the sera or CSF.
  • (3) Each profile is described by a simple sequence of band transitions (BT-sequence).
  • (4) A modification of Mason's vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid obesity is presented, along with experience from 62 treated patients.
  • (5) The intensity of the type III specific peptide bands correlates with the type III content of the samples.
  • (6) After Western blot, 2 of the 5 protein bands of swine-cag (27 and 57 kD) and 3 of the 8 protein bands of human cag (27, 32, and 57 kD) reacted with the anti-Toxoplasma antibody used in the ELISA.
  • (7) One major band with a molecular weight of 12,000 was detected by autofluorography and coincided with the Coomassie staining band of apocytochrome c from S. cerevisiae.
  • (8) Sera from three of these patients gave a precipitin band in gel diffusion tests identical to that produced by a monospecific rabbit anti-E. granulosus antigen 5 serum, when tested against whole hydatid fluid.
  • (9) The family history and associated anomalies were recorded and particular attention was paid to temperature gradients and neurocirculatory deficits with respect to band location.
  • (10) A standard protocol is reported for the highly efficient demonstration of replication patterns corresponding to R-type and G-type banding.
  • (11) The field of labeling formed a continuous band from rostro-laterally to caudo-medially.
  • (12) The reason I liked them was because they were a band, and my dad had a band.
  • (13) One of the HEF bands can be separated from two others with beta-alanine as discrete spacer.
  • (14) In all these subjects, fluorescent staining and G-banding on chromosomes from cultured leukocytes confirmed their karyotype.
  • (15) Thus, whereas CD3-associated molecules isolated from polyclonal CD3+WT31+ populations (expanded in IL 2 under the same culture conditions) appeared as diffuse bands, CD3-associated molecules isolated from CD3+WT31- populations displayed a homogeneous molecular mass.
  • (16) Inclusion-forming and non-inclusion-forming elementary bodies focused in one band at pI 4.64.
  • (17) Two Raman bands at 880 and 1360 cm-1 of tryptophan (Trp) side chains have been found useful in structural studies of the side chains in proteins.
  • (18) Results of this sort are reminiscent of several related findings that have been attributed to auditory adaptation or enhancement, or to a temporally developing critical-band filter.
  • (19) The results showed that twenty-eight bands were significantly rearranged (P less than 0.05).
  • (20) The "Mg(2+)-Sarkosyl crystals" (M band) technique distinguishes between membrane-bound and free intracellular DNA.

Fold


Definition:

  • (v. t.) To lap or lay in plaits or folds; to lay one part over another part of; to double; as, to fold cloth; to fold a letter.
  • (v. t.) To double or lay together, as the arms or the hands; as, he folds his arms in despair.
  • (v. t.) To inclose within folds or plaitings; to envelop; to infold; to clasp; to embrace.
  • (v. t.) To cover or wrap up; to conceal.
  • (v. i.) To become folded, plaited, or doubled; to close over another of the same kind; to double together; as, the leaves of the door fold.
  • (v.) A doubling,esp. of any flexible substance; a part laid over on another part; a plait; a plication.
  • (v.) Times or repetitions; -- used with numerals, chiefly in composition, to denote multiplication or increase in a geometrical ratio, the doubling, tripling, etc., of anything; as, fourfold, four times, increased in a quadruple ratio, multiplied by four.
  • (v.) That which is folded together, or which infolds or envelops; embrace.
  • (n.) An inclosure for sheep; a sheep pen.
  • (n.) A flock of sheep; figuratively, the Church or a church; as, Christ's fold.
  • (n.) A boundary; a limit.
  • (v. t.) To confine in a fold, as sheep.
  • (v. i.) To confine sheep in a fold.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Patient plasma samples demonstrated evidence of marked complement activation, with 3-fold elevations of C3a desArg concentrations by the 8th day of therapy.
  • (2) 5-Azacytidine (I) stability was increased approximately 10-fold over its stability in water or lactated Ringer injection by the addition of excess sodium bisulfite and the maintenance of pH approximately 2.5.
  • (3) Radioligand binding studies revealed the presence of a single class of high-affinity (Kd = 2-6 X 10(-10) M) binding sites for ET-1 in both cells, although the maximal binding capacity of cardiac receptor was about 6- to 12-fold greater than that of vascular receptor.
  • (4) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
  • (5) The DNA untwisting enzyme has been purified approximately 300-fold from rat liver nuclei.
  • (6) IP3 increased 1.7-fold and IP2 1.6-fold after 20 and 40 s, respectively.
  • (7) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
  • (8) The following conclusions emerge: (i) when the 3' or the 3' penultimate base of the oligonucleotide mismatched an allele, no amplification product could be detected; (ii) when the mismatches were 3 and 4 bases from the 3' end of the primer, differential amplification was still observed, but only at certain concentrations of magnesium chloride; (iii) the mismatched allele can be detected in the presence of a 40-fold excess of the matched allele; (iv) primers as short as 13 nucleotides were effective; and (v) the specificity of the amplification could be overwhelmed by greatly increasing the concentration of target DNA.
  • (9) Epicanthal folds were present in 46%, mongoloid slanting of the lids in 72% of cases.
  • (10) The estimated DNA compaction ratio (approximately 3-fold) is consistent with a significant degree of nucleosome unfolding in the hyperstimulated BR genes.
  • (11) Two hours after refeeding rats fasted for 48 h, ODC activity increased 40-fold in mucosa from the intact jejunum and 4-fold in the mucosa of the bypassed segments.
  • (12) Transfection of the treated DNA into SOS-induced spheroplasts results in an increase in mutagenesis as great as 50-fold.
  • (13) ACh released from the vesicular fraction was about 100-fold more than could be accounted for by miniature end-plate potentials; possible causes of this overestimate are discussed.
  • (14) In strains completely deleted for galR, the gene which encodes the Gal repressor, the operon is derepressed by only 10-fold without an inducer.
  • (15) The amount of water, creatinine, electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes were higher during the day (up to three fold, p always less than 0.05), while equal amounts of amino acids were excreted in the day and the night period.
  • (16) TNBS reacts to an extremely small extend with hemoglobin over the concentration range 0.4 to 4 mM whereas FDNB reacts with hemoglobin to a very large extent (50 fold more than TNBS).
  • (17) Rates of PC in vitro metabolism by liver and kidney cytosolic cysteine conjugate beta-lyases (beta-lyases) were similar, but metabolism by renal mitochondrial beta-lyase occurred at a 3-fold higher rate than the rate obtained with hepatic mitochondrial beta-lyase.
  • (18) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
  • (19) On the other hand, if we correct for the population of HMM with degraded light chain 2, the difference in the binding constants in the presence and absence of Ca2+ may be as great as 5-fold.
  • (20) The gene, which is located at chromosome XIII, is transcribed as a mRNA of about 2.7 kilobases, and the amount of message has been found to increase 3- to 4-fold during the culture.