(n.) One of the elements, belonging to the alkaline earth group; a metal having a silver-white color, and melting at a very high temperature. It is difficult to obtain the pure metal, from the facility with which it becomes oxidized in the air. Atomic weight, 137. Symbol, Ba. Its oxide called baryta.
Example Sentences:
(1) The use of glucagon in double-contrast studies of the colon has been recommended for various reasons, one of which is to facilitate reflux of barium into the terminal ileum.
(2) The blocking action may have masked and hindered detection of the stimulatory action of barium in other systems.
(3) A 14-year-old case was reported with a primary postbulbar duodenal ulcer, which was confirmed by barium meal study and duodenoscopy.
(4) A case is presented with radiographically demonstrated angioedema in the stomach and small bowel accompanied by allergic rhinitis, which was apparently an allergic response to the barium sulfate suspension.
(5) Importance of the water and acid-barium tests (De Carvalho and Donner tests) was proved in a large series of cases demonstrating an unknown gastro-oesophageal reflux and an associated oesophagitis.
(6) The objective of this investigation was to determine the frequency of and predictors for inadequate barium enemas in the frail elderly.
(7) Only 31 percent of the patients had colonoscopy or double-contrast barium enema x-ray beyond the neoplastic area before surgery.
(8) We conclude that routine use of Golytely is preferable to methods involving catharsis and standard tap water enemas for barium enema examination, on the grounds that it is equally effective, yet more convenient for patients and for the radiology department, and reduces total costs.
(9) Barium (5 mM) had little effect and cobalt slightly reduced the ACh-induced Ca2+ response.
(10) It is suggested that small quantities of Gastrografin act as an accelerator of barium transit by causing the release of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) from the small intestinal mucosa.
(11) Ferrihydrite was the predominant form of iron present in both ferritin and haemosiderin, while haemosiderin contained higher amounts of phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and barium, then either normal or ferrocene-loaded ferritin.
(12) The appendix or appendix stump was visualised on 53% of the barium examinations.
(13) Barium study demonstrated partial small bowel obstruction.
(14) It is concluded that barium ions have at least 2 points of attack in the ganglion: 1, on the soma membrane of the neurones, and 2, on the presynaptic terminals controlling them.
(15) The study outcome of primary interest was the radiologist's report of the adequacy of examination as indicated in the written summary of the results of the barium enema procedure.
(16) Information provided by postlaryngectomy barium swallow appeared to predict, but not prevent salivary fistula formation.
(17) The heart and lungs were removed, the pulmonary artery was injected with barium-gelatin, and the lung was fixed in formalin in the inflated state.
(18) Direct and radiographic observation and density measurements (cooled specimens, 2,000 g, p less than 0.01) verified that barium sulfate does accumulate at the bottom of the centrifugation tubes.
(19) Six months-2 years after operation, reflux into bile duct and rapid emptying were observed in some cases in barium examination, and abdominal pain was found in 10% of the patients.
(20) Electron energy-loss spectroscopic element-distribution images are acquired from cytochemical reaction products in a variety of cellular objects: (1) colloidal thorium particles in extra-cellular coat material, (2) iron-containing ferritin particles in liver parenchymal cells, (3) barium-containing reaction products in endoplasmic reticulum stacks, (4) elements present in lysosomal cerium- and barium-containing precipitates connected with acid phosphatase (AcPase) or aryl sulphatase (AS) enzyme activity.
Strontium
Definition:
(n.) A metallic element of the calcium group, always naturally occurring combined, as in the minerals strontianite, celestite, etc. It is isolated as a yellowish metal, somewhat malleable but harder than calcium. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red. Symbol Sr. Atomic weight 87.3.
(n.) A radioactive isotope of strontium produced by certain nuclear reactions, and constituting one of the prominent harmful components of radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions; also called radiostrontium. It has a half-life of 28 years.
Example Sentences:
(1) Specimens of human bone from the site exhibited lower strontium levels and strontium-to-calcium ratios than deer specimens from the same site, reinforcing paleodemographic evidence that the human populations that inhabited this site included substantial amounts of meat in their diets.
(2) Revascularisation was evaluated with radioactive microspheres; formation of new bone was assessed by incorporation of strontium, and resorption was assessed by measuring the reduction of graft weight.
(3) Compared with the transected control group, resection decreased strontium absorption per unit weight of mucosa (specific absorption) in the proximal segment.
(4) Human spermatozoa incubated in a strontium- or lanthanum-based medium, or T6 + 10% maternal human serum (HS) supplemented with 12 mM 8-bromo cyclic guanosine 3,5'-monophosphate and 10 mM imidazole for a 4-hour period before transfer to fresh T6 + 10% HS for a further 6 hours, demonstrated a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in acrosomal loss compared with T6 + 10% HS for a total 10-hour incubation.
(5) Concentration factors of strontium-90 in aquatic organisms and substrates are higher in a dystrophic lake than in the other types.
(6) In the absence of calcium, other divalent cations such as magnesium, strontium, or manganese were not efficient substitutes for calcium.
(7) A similar effect was obtained by strontium, but magnesium was ineffective.4.
(8) The predicted fallout of strontium-90 in 1970 is less than 1 percent of that during the peak year 1963.
(9) The decontamination of strontium was checked by applying non-dispersive fluorescence X-ray analysis using 133Ba as irradiating source.
(10) Strontium ions, added to a calcium-deficient bathing solution, were shown to attenuate the increased 45Ca uptake by the lens.
(11) Results are presented to show that calcium and strontium act at the same site but strontium is a more sensitive probe for that site.
(12) The elements added to increase radiopacity in the composite materials are barium, strontium, zinc, zirconium, and ytterbium.
(13) Heat-induced release of dipicolinic acid occurred much faster with barium and strontium spores than with calcium spores.
(14) Annual dose rates of 27 millirads to bone and 4 millirads to the whole body correspond to the highest average concentrations of strontium-90 and cesium-137 so far observed.
(15) Strontium (2.5 mM) significantly attenuated the response to CCK-OP and bethanechol, but not to KCl.
(16) Strontium can replace calcium in a number of physiological and biochemical processes.
(17) A high percentage of the strontium retained during both oral and intravenous administration was excreted in 30 days after the discontinuation of the strontium administration and there was no evidence of long term retention.
(18) Enhanced HR with strontium was greater with basophils from normal subjects than from subjects with allergic rhinitis.
(19) In vascular smooth muscle that does not contract spontaneously, similar deposits of strontium were only seen if the muscle was depolarized during or glycerinated before exposure to the strontium-containing solution.
(20) The results of a study of 975 pterygia treated surgically and immediately with Strontium 90 are presented.