What's the difference between bias and skew?

Bias


Definition:

  • (n.) A weight on the side of the ball used in the game of bowls, or a tendency imparted to the ball, which turns it from a straight line.
  • (n.) A leaning of the mind; propensity or prepossession toward an object or view, not leaving the mind indifferent; bent; inclination.
  • (n.) A wedge-shaped piece of cloth taken out of a garment (as the waist of a dress) to diminish its circumference.
  • (n.) A slant; a diagonal; as, to cut cloth on the bias.
  • (a.) Inclined to one side; swelled on one side.
  • (a.) Cut slanting or diagonally, as cloth.
  • (adv.) In a slanting manner; crosswise; obliquely; diagonally; as, to cut cloth bias.
  • (v. t.) To incline to one side; to give a particular direction to; to influence; to prejudice; to prepossess.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Such a decrease significantly biased survival (p = 0.001).
  • (2) Even though attempts to generalize the data from childbearing women to women of childbearing age have an inherent conservative bias, the results of our study suggest that 988 women (95% CI 713 to 1336) aged 15 to 44 years in Quebec had HIV infection in 1989.
  • (3) These deficiencies in the data compromise HIV surveillance based on diagnostic testing, and supplementary bias-free data are needed.
  • (4) In addition, despite the fact that the differences constitutes an information bias, the bias occurs in the same direction and magnitude in all the various subgroups and thus is nondifferential.
  • (5) However, each of the studies had numerous methodological flaws which biased their results against finding a relationship: either their outcome measures had questionable validity, their research designs were inappropriate, or the statistical analyses were poorly conceived.
  • (6) Methods to minimize bias in the design and implementation of consultation-liaison research are suggested.
  • (7) Results were inconsistent with both the feature detector fatigue and response bias hypothesis.
  • (8) Special conditions apply for the scoring of a first and a last bone stage in a sequence, which will introduce less bias in the estimation of individual skeletal maturity with the MAT-method than with the TW-method.
  • (9) The greater use of health services for female children probably accounts for the female-biased sex ratio among the Mukogodo.
  • (10) The possibility that selective bias or unmeasured environmental differences might explain the difference in BP between the two groups is discussed.
  • (11) In Study 4, attributional biases and deficits were found to be positively correlated with the rate of reactive aggression (but not proactive aggression) displayed in free play with peers (N = 127).
  • (12) Significant biases in the distribution of cases of babesiosis were found with regard to season (P < 0,05), sex (P < 0,001) and coat colour (P < 0.01).
  • (13) This suggests that monitoring heart rate during limited portions of the day will provide a biased estimate of overall heart rate.
  • (14) Analogous biases and solutions apply to other sampling problems in health services research.
  • (15) Only eye position proved statistically significant; straight-ahead eye position induced more bias than did fixation of the visual stimulus.
  • (16) A model was investigated which simulated choices one may have between disease classification tests, to determine how the required sample size and bias in the estimates of the risk ratio and risk difference varied between tests.
  • (17) Paradigm relies heavily on social science research and analysis to help companies identify and address the specific barriers and unconscious biases that might be affecting their diversity efforts: things like anonymizing resumes so that employers can’t tell a candidate’s gender or ethnicity, or modifying a salary negotiation process that places women and minorities at a disadvantage.
  • (18) We confirm that sera from patients on intravenous therapy with lidocaine exhibit a positive bias in results for creatinine but that lidocaine itself does not interfere.
  • (19) We discuss advantages and disadvantages of total randomization, of Zelen-type randomization procedures, of Efron-type procedures vs more classical blocking procedures to control the balance between groups, and of Simon-Pocock-type procedures vs more classical stratification for controlling possible biases in prognostic factors.
  • (20) (4) R(XY)(t,tau) is a biased estimator of the shape of h(t), generally over-estimating both its time to peak and its rise time.

Skew


Definition:

  • (adv.) Awry; obliquely; askew.
  • (a.) Turned or twisted to one side; situated obliquely; skewed; -- chiefly used in technical phrases.
  • (n.) A stone at the foot of the slope of a gable, the offset of a buttress, or the like, cut with a sloping surface and with a check to receive the coping stones and retain them in place.
  • (v. i.) To walk obliquely; to go sidling; to lie or move obliquely.
  • (v. i.) To start aside; to shy, as a horse.
  • (v. i.) To look obliquely; to squint; hence, to look slightingly or suspiciously.
  • (adv.) To shape or form in an oblique way; to cause to take an oblique position.
  • (adv.) To throw or hurl obliquely.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) When power-transformed scores are used to eliminate skewness, there is evidence for one distribution and it is not possible to distinguish single gene from multifactorial (polygenic or cultural) inheritance.
  • (2) the summer increase in preterm births was characterized by an increase of skewness which means an extension of the lower part of the distribution.
  • (3) New observations include: (1) In 15 nm cross sections that show single 14.5 nm levels: (a) The flared X structure characteristic of rigor is replaced by a straight-X figure in which the crossbridge density is aligned along the myosin-actin plane, rather than skewed across it as in rigor.
  • (4) MEPPs with skewed amplitude histograms and bursting behaviour were evident at both sub-stages.
  • (5) His stencils, skewed perspective and wit are recognizable enough to be mocked in the New Yorker .
  • (6) In this paper, the three rotational axes are shown to be skewed and off-set from each other, therefore, a three-cylindric open chain with skewed joint axes is proposed to measure the six displacements between the two reference frames.
  • (7) He is helped by constituency boundaries that skew the pitch in Labour’s favour, but even then the leap required looks improbable.
  • (8) The velocity distributions in main and side tubes were skewed towards the inner walls close to the flow divider.
  • (9) The normalized quantal size varied randomly, with a mean value of 0.51% (SD = 0.20) and was relatively independent of n. In contrast, the distribution of p, which ranged from 0.17 to 0.74 (mean = 0.40, SD = 0.155), was skewed to the right; this parameter tended to decrease as a function of increasing n. The normalized unitary inhibitory conductance (g'IPSP) underlying an IPSP is equal to the product of npg'q, where g'q is the normalized quantal conductance.
  • (10) It is demonstrated that the avoidance strategies which constitute defensive work lead to a progression of counterstrategies and foster skewed priorities.
  • (11) Greater efforts to tackle occupational segregation would also help ensure longer term change to our skewed labour market.
  • (12) However, if the number of categories on the response scale is increased, the degree of separation between the mean responses obtained for a positively as opposed to a negatively skewed concentration distribution diminishes.
  • (13) Marbling scores were not distributed normally with both positive skewness and kurtosis (P less than .001).
  • (14) These age- and parity-related changes in litter composition are consistent with the Trivers-Willard hypothesis that physiologically-stressed females would skew offspring sex ratios to favour daughters.
  • (15) The Chimera grid was used to avoid a grid with highly skewed cells.
  • (16) Furthermore, they explain the low pH optima and skewed pH profiles previously reported for enzymatic activity toward high molecular weight substrates.
  • (17) Groups receiving no medication for gastric acidity had positively skewed pH distributions (nonsymmetrical distribution with tail pointing to right and majority of cases in lower range), and groups receiving medications for the reduction of acidity had negatively skewed pH distributions (nonsymmetrical with tail pointing to left and majority of cases in upper range).
  • (18) That 6% cut swells to 12% if inflation is accounted for and Labour also argues that the government's comparison is skewed because spending rose rapidly – 33% – in the four years to 2010 , in response to the Pitt review of the devastating 2007 floods, which killed 13 people, left 55,000 homeless and cost insurers £3bn.
  • (19) For low order modes (n less than 3) the F test statistics are approximately F distributed but for higher order models the test statistics are skewed to the left of the F distribution.
  • (20) These abnormalities include signs of dysfunction of ocular alignment (skew deviation, ocular tilt reaction, and environmental tilt), various types of nystagmus, smooth pursuit and gaze-holding abnormalities (eye deviation, ipsipulsion or lateropulsion, and impaired contralateral pursuit), and saccadic abnormalities (ipsipulsion and torsipulsion).