What's the difference between bifilar and filament?
Bifilar
Definition:
(a.) Two-threaded; involving the use of two threads; as, bifilar suspension; a bifilar balance.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cells were incubated for at least three doublings to approximate bifilar substitution.
(2) The disappearance of bifilar enzyme-sensitive sites was found to be normal in cells from individuals with Fanconi's anemia, Cockayne's syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita and the variant form of xeroderma pigmentosum.
(3) DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of closely opposed runs of pyrimidines at sites of more frequent bifilar cleavage.
(4) Cells that contain only unifilar BrdUrd-DNA are resistant to black light, whereas cells that contain bifilar BrdUrd-DNA are extremely photosensitive.
(5) Chinese hamster chromosomes were differentially substituted with 50 microM 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to obtain chromosomes with bifilarly and unifilarly substituted (BB-TB) and unifilarly and non-substituted (TB-TT) chromatid constitutions.
(6) The rate of bifilar enzyme-sensitive site removal in XP cells assigned to complementation group C was reduced by an amount similar to that observed for the repair of isolated dimers.
(7) We propose that during the HB pretreatment, more DNA-protein cross-linkings are induced in BrdU bifilarly substituted than the unifilarly substituted chromatids.
(8) Cesium chloride equilibrium gradient centrifugation provides estimates both of the percent thymidine replacement by BrdUrd and of the symmetry (unifilar versus bifilar) of BrdUrd incorporation into the chromosomal DNA duplexes.
(9) We attribute this differential contrast primarily to the lesser condensation of the bifilarly substituted chromatid.
(10) The greater the percentage BrdU substitution, the larger was the enhancement ratio for survival and radiation-induced strand breaks in both monofilarly and bifilarly substituted cells.
(11) This dense DNA has been previously interpreted as being bifilarly substituted with BrdU and hence evidence that sister chromatid exchange (SCE) formation proceeds via the Holliday model of recombination.
(12) and SSC treatment together resulted in differentiation, with dark-staining unifilarly (TB) chromatids in the LM corresponding to raised loosely packed loops in the SEM and pale bifilarly (BB) chromatids corresponding to the smooth compact flattened SEM appearance.
(13) The degree of radiosensitization for both survival and rates of alkaline and neutral elution are dependent on percentage BrdU substitution and independent of whether BrdU is in one strand only (monofilar) or both strands (bifilar) of the DNA duplex: e.g., for 16% BrdU substitution distributed either monofilarly or partially bifilarly, there is an enhancement factor for Do of 1.55.
(14) Using filter elution techniques, the enhancement ratios (ER) for double strand breaks (SB) were 1.5 and 2.0 for unifilar and bifilar substitution, respectively, whereas the enhancement ratio for single strand breaks were both greater than or equal to 2.1.
(15) After staining with Giemsa, unifilarly BrdU-substituted chromatids stained faintly and bifilarly substituted chromatids stained darkly.
(16) The bifilarly substituted chromatid is dramatically longer than the unifilar one.
(17) Double-wrapping, or systems of bifilar windings, can also help control for the non-magnetic effects of the electric coils used in many experiments.
(18) The density of spikes of spike output (SO) recorded by means of three bifilar semimicroelectrodes simultaneously implanted in the biceps brachii has been studied during elbow flexions performed against inertia and with a variable velocity (anisometric, anisotonic contractions).
(19) The comparison of ssb, dsb, and uracil production in bifilar and monofilar DNA with similar BU substitution showed no significant difference between the two DNA systems (ColE 1, M 13), indicating that the location of BU molecules in one or in both DNA strands will not lead to a different number of lesions after UV313 exposure.
(20) These studies showed that the "twisted tubule" which makes up the neurofibrillary tangle in many pathological situations is a bifilar helix made up of 130 A filaments.
Filament
Definition:
(n.) A thread or threadlike object or appendage; a fiber; esp. (Bot.), the threadlike part of the stamen supporting the anther.
Example Sentences:
(1) Conditions consistent with a buildup of reduced flavoprotein, however, favored filament formation.
(2) Suspensions of isolated insect flight muscle thick filaments were embedded in layers of vitreous ice and visualized in the electron microscope under liquid nitrogen conditions.
(3) Ordering of these filaments into a parallel array is the basis of birefringence in the A region, and loss of birefringence is therefore a measure of decreased order.
(4) Structural studies indicate that caveolae are decorated on their cytoplasmic surface by a unique array of filaments or strands that form striated coatings.
(5) Accumulations of filaments in the axons and in the perineural cells were accompanied by Rosenthal fibres.
(6) Electron microscopic examination of all leptomeningeal and meningioma cultures revealed desmosomes and dense tonofilament formation; in addition, granular, filamentous basement membrane-like material was abundant in the extracellular spaces of all cultures.
(7) A new method of staining the keratin filament matrix allowing a visualization of the filaments in cross section of hair fibres has been developed.
(8) These force-generators are identified with projections (cross-bridges) on the thick filament, each consisting of part of a myosin molecule.
(9) In smooth muscles there is no organized sarcomere structure wherein the relative movement of myosin filaments and actin filaments has been documented during contraction.
(10) The results indicate that synthesis of lamellar bodies depends on an intact microtubular system, whereas secretion requires actin filaments in a functional state.
(11) The latter reaction is linked to a conformation change of the actin subunit that causes a destabilization of the actin-actin interactions in the filament, i.e., a structural change of the filament.
(12) In the capsule of the fibrocartilage cells, parallel orientated filaments exhibit a periodical arrangement.
(13) The images of 56 tubular myosin filaments of the fleshfly and 62 filaments of the housefly were digitized and computer processed by rotational averaging.
(14) It does not appear to react with the anti-IFA antibody, suggesting that it is not a member of the intermediate filament class of proteins.
(15) This suggests that cytokeratin 14 acts as an indiscriminate type I cytokeratin in filament formation in the established cell lines.
(16) Gene II protein is required for all phases of filamentous phage DNA synthesis other than the conversion of the infecting single strand to the parental double-stranded molecule.
(17) This supports the view that the pH is of no major importance for filamentation in vivo.
(18) Ultrastructural examination of a tumor with a typical cribriform pattern showed spaces of two types; the more frequent type was bounded by cells with straight plasma membranes and contained filamentous and basement-membrane-like material, and the less frequent type was surrounded by cells with numerous microvilli and contained nonfilamentous homogeneous material.
(19) The bright lines in the difference image represent the paths along which the filaments have moved and are measured using a crosshair cursor controlled by the mouse.
(20) Astrocytes showed a transitional swelling, later followed by an accumulation of glycogen and filaments.