(n.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.
(n.) Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
(n.) A boil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(2) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(3) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(4) However, there was not a relationship between the contraction curve of the gallbladder and the bile flow into the duodenum.
(5) Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively.
(6) No methionine-enkephalin-positive nerves could be detected in the common bile duct, pancreatic duct or gallbladder.
(7) The most serious complications following operative treatment are retained bile duct calculi (2.8%), wound infection and biliary fistulae.
(8) Based on similarities in elution time, the metabolites of [35S]PTU in urine closely resembled those in bile of rats.
(9) Endoscopic papillotomy was performed which resulted in a polypoid tumour delivering itself into the wound followed by a free flow of bile.
(10) Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made microscopic diagnosis unreliable.
(11) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(12) Bile flow was stimulated significantly by VPA and MCCA, but not by CCA; changes in bile flow correlated with the biliary excretion rate of base-labile conjugates rather than with excretion of the parent compounds themselves.
(13) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(14) No 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the growth medium.
(15) This may be the reason that the renal contrast materials are poorly escreted in bile compared to the biliary contrast agents.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) A lesser inhibitory effect (a decrease in the rate of precipitation) was observed when gallbladder bile was diluted but was lost after 10-fold dilution.
(18) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(19) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(20) Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of cefazolin.
Bilirubin
Definition:
(n.) A reddish yellow pigment present in human bile, and in that from carnivorous and herbivorous animals; the normal biliary pigment.
Example Sentences:
(1) The statistical T value calculated for the LP-TAE group showed that the administration of LP, the tumor size, intrahepatic metastasis, portal vein infiltration, and serum total bilirubin and alpha-fetoprotein levels significantly (P < 0.01) affected the patients' survival.
(2) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(3) The following alterations in liver function tests are associated with phenytoin hepatotoxicity: elevations in serum aminotransferases, lactic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and prothrombin time.
(4) During photoirradiation, both in vivo and in vitro, the serum polar (ZE)-bilirubin IX alpha concentration increased remarkably, but unbound-bilirubin values were not affected at all.
(5) When this constraint was released by various treatments altering membrane structure UDP-glucose markedly inhibited bilirubin glucuronidation.
(6) However six equivocal studies were observed in profoundly jaundiced patients with bilirubin levels above 400 mumol l-1 due to difficulties in differentiating extrahepatic obstruction from severe intrahepatic cholestasis.
(7) It is hypothesized that deposition of bilirubin in tissues takes place as an ongoing event, the deposited pigment being eliminated by bilirubin oxidase in healthy infants.
(8) Homogenates of these cells in chloroform-methanol solution showed an identical absorption spectrum with pure bilirubin dissolved in the same solution.
(9) After 5 days, the haemolysis increases without a corresponding enhancement in the formation of bilirubin.
(10) Serum unbound bilirubin concentrations (UBC) and serum total bilirubin concentrations (TBC) were measured serially in 138 low birthweight (LBW) infants treated with phototherapy for non-hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.
(11) Hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal (CAC) produces low removal rates due to the strong binding of bilirubin to albumin.
(12) Carbon adsorbents synthesized for the elimination of bilirubin from protein-containing solutions can also be called deliganding adsorbents, since under some experimental conditions they eliminate other protein-bound ligands, viz.
(13) Serum levels of the 7S domain of type IV collagen in the paired sera of eight patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (mean interval 30 months, range 12-48 months) showed significant rises during the intervals (P < 0.05), while serum levels of albumin and total bilirubin did not change significantly during these intervals.
(14) Bilirubin, prothrombin time, haemoglobin and blood sedimentation rate are of very little value.
(15) Binaural difference waves (BDWs), obtained by subtracting the sum of two monaural BAEPs from a binaural BAEP, were obtained in 16- to 20-day-old jaundiced Gunn rats before and after injection of sulfadimethoxine, which produces bilirubin neurotoxicity by promoting net transfer of bilirubin out of the circulation into brain tissue.
(16) Unconjugated bilirubin visibly accumulated in the interstitium of the renal papillary tip.
(17) Changes in the total bilirubin similar to those in cows with ketosis were established also in cows subjected to starvation, substantiated by the adequate rise of the free and the bound fraction.
(18) Hyperbilirubinaemia in newborn infants is generally regarded as a problem, and bilirubin itself as toxic metabolic waste, but the high frequency in newborn infants suggests that the excess of neonatal bilirubin may have a positive function.
(19) Benefit was obtained by ten of the former and seven of the latter patients, while in eight the serum bilirubin did not fall despite adequate catheterization.
(20) It was shown that indocyanin green (ICG) test, prothrombin time (PT), lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), gamma-globulin, age of patients and total bilirubin appeared to be important factors to discriminate the subjected patients into two groups.