(n.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.
(n.) Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
(n.) A boil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(2) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(3) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(4) However, there was not a relationship between the contraction curve of the gallbladder and the bile flow into the duodenum.
(5) Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively.
(6) No methionine-enkephalin-positive nerves could be detected in the common bile duct, pancreatic duct or gallbladder.
(7) The most serious complications following operative treatment are retained bile duct calculi (2.8%), wound infection and biliary fistulae.
(8) Based on similarities in elution time, the metabolites of [35S]PTU in urine closely resembled those in bile of rats.
(9) Endoscopic papillotomy was performed which resulted in a polypoid tumour delivering itself into the wound followed by a free flow of bile.
(10) Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made microscopic diagnosis unreliable.
(11) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(12) Bile flow was stimulated significantly by VPA and MCCA, but not by CCA; changes in bile flow correlated with the biliary excretion rate of base-labile conjugates rather than with excretion of the parent compounds themselves.
(13) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(14) No 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the growth medium.
(15) This may be the reason that the renal contrast materials are poorly escreted in bile compared to the biliary contrast agents.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) A lesser inhibitory effect (a decrease in the rate of precipitation) was observed when gallbladder bile was diluted but was lost after 10-fold dilution.
(18) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(19) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(20) Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of cefazolin.
Biliverdin
Definition:
(n.) A green pigment present in the bile, formed from bilirubin by oxidation.
Example Sentences:
(1) The basis of the assay is the detection of [14C]bilirubin formation in a coupled enzyme assay involving HO and biliverdin reductase actions, respectively.
(2) Photoisomerization is the initial process, followed by photooxidation to degradation products of the tetrapyrrole skeleton, with formation of biliverdin as an intermediate.
(3) It was found that the basicity of biliverdins increases with the stretching of the conformation.
(4) The number of peroxyl radicals trapped per molecule of BR-DT is 1.9, compared to 4.7 trapped per molecule of biliverdin, the water-soluble physiological precursor of bilirubin.
(5) No biliverdin could be detected in the blood plasma.
(6) Etheno-NADP fluorescence is enhanced in enzyme:etheno-NADP complexes but quenched in enzyme:biliverdin:etheno-NADP complexes.
(7) A new colorimetric method for the assay of biliverdin in biological fluids is described.
(8) Biliary excretion rate of bilirubin and biliverdin from fasted and fed conscious rabbits has been investigated.
(9) The substrate specificity of the different forms of rat liver biliverdin reductase was examined using synthetic biliverdins.
(10) In every case the P enantiomers were bound in excess to the M enantiomers, with exception of the 5-syn, 10-syn, 15-anti biliverdin where the M enantiomer bound preferentially to the protein.
(11) During a five day period of captivity, gallbladder volume remained relatively constant while bilirubin and biliverdin content increased two to three fold.
(12) In this study, incubation of explants from such seedlings with [14C]biliverdin IX alpha led to rapid covalent incorporation of radiolabel into a single 124-kDa polypeptide in soluble protein extracts.
(13) The similarity of the structural features of biliverdin reductase with those of several dehydrogenases is discussed.
(14) The enzyme fractions, when supplemented with a light-driven ferredoxin-reducing photosystem I fraction derived from spinach leaves, catalyzed light-dependent transformation of protoheme to biliverdin IX alpha and biliverdin IX alpha to phycobilins, with or without the addition of NADPH and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase.
(15) The biliverdin in A. japonica is an open form molecule with external hydrogen bond or weak ester bond interacting with the carrier protein.
(16) From them we extracted green pigment(s), of which the absorption spectrum closely resembled that of biliverdin, suggesting that a large amount of the endogenous heme of E. coli was actually degraded to biliverdin by the expressed heme oxygenase.
(17) In alkaline solution the compound exhibits an absorption peak at 840 nm, and when reduced with Na(2)S(2)O(4), it is readily converted to biliverdin which exhibits a large absorption with a peak originally at 800 nm, being followed by a gradual shift to 760 nm.
(18) Unlike the few known bilirubin-oxidizing enzymes, the orange enzyme does not produce biliverdin as a product, does not seem to require oxygen, and has a unique absorption spectrum of its products.
(19) An analysis of the reconstitution of biliverdins with extended conformations and horse heart apomyoglobin was carried out.
(20) Hematobiliverdin IX alpha was also a good substrate of biliverdin reductase.