(n.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.
(n.) Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
(n.) A boil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(2) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(3) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(4) However, there was not a relationship between the contraction curve of the gallbladder and the bile flow into the duodenum.
(5) Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively.
(6) No methionine-enkephalin-positive nerves could be detected in the common bile duct, pancreatic duct or gallbladder.
(7) The most serious complications following operative treatment are retained bile duct calculi (2.8%), wound infection and biliary fistulae.
(8) Based on similarities in elution time, the metabolites of [35S]PTU in urine closely resembled those in bile of rats.
(9) Endoscopic papillotomy was performed which resulted in a polypoid tumour delivering itself into the wound followed by a free flow of bile.
(10) Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made microscopic diagnosis unreliable.
(11) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(12) Bile flow was stimulated significantly by VPA and MCCA, but not by CCA; changes in bile flow correlated with the biliary excretion rate of base-labile conjugates rather than with excretion of the parent compounds themselves.
(13) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(14) No 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the growth medium.
(15) This may be the reason that the renal contrast materials are poorly escreted in bile compared to the biliary contrast agents.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) A lesser inhibitory effect (a decrease in the rate of precipitation) was observed when gallbladder bile was diluted but was lost after 10-fold dilution.
(18) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(19) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(20) Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of cefazolin.
Physiology
Definition:
(n.) The science which treats of the phenomena of living organisms; the study of the processes incidental to, and characteristic of, life.
(n.) A treatise on physiology.
Example Sentences:
(1) We have investigated a physiological role of endogenous insulin on exocrine pancreatic secretion stimulated by a liquid meal as well as exogenous secretin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) in conscious rats.
(2) The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine.
(3) Results suggest that Cd-MT is reabsorbed and broken down by kidney tubule cells in a physiological manner with possible subsequent release of the toxic cadmium ion.
(4) Nucleotide, which is essential for catalysis, greatly enhances the binding of IpOHA by the reductoisomerase, with NADPH (normally present during the enzyme's rearrangement step, i.e., conversion of a beta-keto acid into an alpha-keto acid, in either the forward or reverse physiological reactions) being more effective than NADP.
(5) This suggests that a physiological mechanism exists which can increase the barrier pressure to gastrooesophageal reflux during periods of active secretion of the stomach, as occurs in digestion.
(6) The effects of H1 and H2 antihistamines on a variety of physiological vasodilator responses were examined.
(7) A good understanding of upper gastrointestinal physiology is required to properly understand the pathophysiological events in various diseases or after operations on the upper gastrointestinal tract.
(8) This pattern was not seen for other physiologically active amino acids.
(9) These results suggest that aluminum is able to gain access to the central nervous system under normal physiological conditions.
(10) The physiological importance of this inhibition is discussed.
(11) The morphology and physiology of the large adapting unit (LAU: Fig.
(12) The use of 100% oxygen to calculate intrapulmonary shunting in patients on PEEP is misleading in both physiological and methodological terms.
(13) Considerable glucose 6-phosphatase activity survived 240min of treatment with phospholipase C at 5 degrees C, but in the absence of substrate or at physiological glucose 6-phosphate concentrations the delipidated enzyme was completely inactivated within 10min at 37 degrees C. However, 80mM-glucose 6-phosphate stabilized it and phospholipid dispersions substantially restored thermal stability.
(14) These results are consistent with a possible physiological role for medullary TRH in the vagal regulation of gastric contractility.
(15) The cells were taken from cultures in low-density balanced exponential growth, and the experiments were performed quickly so that the bacteria were in a uniform physiological state at the time of measurement.
(16) Atrioventricular (AV) delay that results in maximum ventricular filling and physiological mechanisms that govern dependence of filling on timing of atrial systole were studied by combining computer experiments with experiments in the anesthetized dog instrumented to measure phasic mitral flow.
(17) At physiologic doses (10(-8) M) estradiol inhibits the binding at a significant extent on the soluble receptor, but not on membrane-bound form.
(18) With the successful culture of these tissues, their development, biochemistry, and physiology, potentially of great importance in understanding early vertebrate evolution, can be better understood.
(19) The binding follows the principle of isotope dilution in the physiologic range of vitamin B12 present in human serum.
(20) Axonal regeneration with the ANG was equal to SAGs as measured by axonal diameters, physiological, and functional methods, although the SAG demonstrated statistically higher axonal counts.