What's the difference between bile and stercobilin?
Bile
Definition:
(n.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.
(n.) Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
(n.) A boil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(2) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(3) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(4) However, there was not a relationship between the contraction curve of the gallbladder and the bile flow into the duodenum.
(5) Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively.
(6) No methionine-enkephalin-positive nerves could be detected in the common bile duct, pancreatic duct or gallbladder.
(7) The most serious complications following operative treatment are retained bile duct calculi (2.8%), wound infection and biliary fistulae.
(8) Based on similarities in elution time, the metabolites of [35S]PTU in urine closely resembled those in bile of rats.
(9) Endoscopic papillotomy was performed which resulted in a polypoid tumour delivering itself into the wound followed by a free flow of bile.
(10) Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made microscopic diagnosis unreliable.
(11) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(12) Bile flow was stimulated significantly by VPA and MCCA, but not by CCA; changes in bile flow correlated with the biliary excretion rate of base-labile conjugates rather than with excretion of the parent compounds themselves.
(13) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(14) No 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the growth medium.
(15) This may be the reason that the renal contrast materials are poorly escreted in bile compared to the biliary contrast agents.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) A lesser inhibitory effect (a decrease in the rate of precipitation) was observed when gallbladder bile was diluted but was lost after 10-fold dilution.
(18) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(19) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(20) Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of cefazolin.
Stercobilin
Definition:
(n.) A coloring matter found in the faeces, a product of the alteration of the bile pigments in the intestinal canal, -- identical with hydrobilirubin.
Example Sentences:
(1) On the 2nd-3rd day all the animals developed one or several of the following symptoms or characteristics typical for germfree (GF) rats: no coprostanol formation, no stercobilin production, a GF pattern after gel electrophoresis of fecal supernatant and proteolytic activity in the feces.
(2) The residual part of urobilinogen is further reduced to urobilin, stercobilin and dipyrrolmethenes and excreted in the faeces.
(3) The relative bilirubin productions from erythrocyte haem degradation and early labeled bilirubin were determined by measuring the incorporation of [14C]glycine in erythrocyte haem and in fecal stercobilin.
(4) The bilirubin production rates from erythrocyte degradation (PE), ineffective erythropoiesis (PI) and catabolism of hepatic haemoproteins (PL), were derived from the incorporation of 14C-glycine into haemoglobin and stercobilin.
(5) Measurements of the temperature dependence of the circular dichroism spectra of l-stercobilin and d-urobilin show that the conformations of these optically-active urobilinoids change with temperature between 163 and 297 degrees K. These conformational changes depend critically on the hydrogen bonding characteristics of the solvent.
(6) Accordingly, natural (-)-stercobilin possesses the 2'(S), 7'(S) configuration, and has the configuration formula 6(1 (R), 2(R), 2'(S), 7'(S), 7(R), 8(R)).
(7) In five of the patients, the stercobilin-(14)C specific activity in a pooled specimen of feces was measured, enabling the following further values to be calculated: (a) the total (14)C radioactivity incorporated into bilirubin (21.0 and 25.3% [mean 23.2%] of the injected dose in two of the nonporphyric patients and between 8.5 and 25.3% [mean 14.2%] of the injected dose in the porphyric patients), and (b) the proportion of hepatic synthesized bilirubin delivered directly to plasma in the unconjugated form (between 0.520 and 0.904; mean for nonporphyric patients 0.712; mean for porphyric patients 0.614).
(8) i-Urobilin and 1-stercobilin were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase octadecylsilane-bonded column and detected fluorimetrically through formation of phosphor with zinc ions in the eluent.
(9) In both cases, unconjugated bilirubin accounted for a large percentage of the total bile biliary pigments measured, and stercobilin was present in gallbladder bile.
(10) The substituted oxo-tetrahydrodipyrromethane precursor, 5, for the total synthesis of (-)-stercobilins 3 and 4, in which the relative configuration between the asymmetric centers is known, yields 2(S)-methyl-3(S)-ethylsuccinimide (-2) under the same conditions of degradation.
(11) Chromic acid degradation of natural (-)-stercobilin (1) yields 2(R)-methyl-3(R)-ethylsuccinimide (+2), whereby the absolute configuration of 1 at the chiral centers C-1, C-2, C-7, and C-8 is established.
(12) The hepatic pool of porphobilinogen is labeled by means of an intravenous injection of delta-aminolevulinic acid-4-(14)C. The proportion of total bilirubin production which is derived from hepatic hemes is calculated from the ratio of the mean (14)C specific activities of stercobilin and porphobilinogen estimated in pooled specimens of feces and urine, respectively.