What's the difference between bile and taurocholic?
Bile
Definition:
(n.) A yellow, or greenish, viscid fluid, usually alkaline in reaction, secreted by the liver. It passes into the intestines, where it aids in the digestive process. Its characteristic constituents are the bile salts, and coloring matters.
(n.) Bitterness of feeling; choler; anger; ill humor; as, to stir one's bile.
(n.) A boil.
Example Sentences:
(1) Ursodeoxycholate was the only dihydroxy bile salt which was able to solubilize phospholipid (although not cholesterol) below the critical micellar concentration.
(2) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography failed to demonstrate any bile ducts in the right postero-lateral segments of the liver, the "naked segment sign".
(3) Aside from these characteristic findings of HCC, it was important to reveal the following features for the diagnosis of well differentiated type of small HCC: variable thickening or distortion of trabecular structure in association with nuclear crowding, acinar formation, selective cytoplasmic accumulation of Mallory bodies, nuclear abnormalities consisting of thickening of nucleolus, hepatic cords in close contact with bile ducts or blood vessels, and hepatocytes growing in a fibrous environment.
(4) However, there was not a relationship between the contraction curve of the gallbladder and the bile flow into the duodenum.
(5) Metabolites of nafiverine in blood, bile, and urine were determined quantitatively.
(6) No methionine-enkephalin-positive nerves could be detected in the common bile duct, pancreatic duct or gallbladder.
(7) The most serious complications following operative treatment are retained bile duct calculi (2.8%), wound infection and biliary fistulae.
(8) Based on similarities in elution time, the metabolites of [35S]PTU in urine closely resembled those in bile of rats.
(9) Endoscopic papillotomy was performed which resulted in a polypoid tumour delivering itself into the wound followed by a free flow of bile.
(10) Pure bile gave 32 correct diagnoses (67%) and 14 diagnoses of inadequate material (29%), which contained few nondegenerated cells and made microscopic diagnosis unreliable.
(11) Mixed micelles of bile salt and phospholipids inhibit the lipase-colipase-catalysed hydrolysis of triacylglycerols.
(12) Bile flow was stimulated significantly by VPA and MCCA, but not by CCA; changes in bile flow correlated with the biliary excretion rate of base-labile conjugates rather than with excretion of the parent compounds themselves.
(13) These early hyperplastic lesions revealed stellate-shaped dilated bile canaliculi lined by blebs and abnormally thick elongated microvilli, a decreased number of microvilli on the sinusoidal surface, a marked increase in smooth endoplasmic reticulum, large nucleoli, and bundles of pericanalicular microfilaments.
(14) No 7 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and only a trace of 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity could be demonstrated when bile acid was deleted from the growth medium.
(15) This may be the reason that the renal contrast materials are poorly escreted in bile compared to the biliary contrast agents.
(16) The major lipase in human milk is dependent on bile salts for activity and probably participates in intestinal digestion of milk lipids in the newborn.
(17) A lesser inhibitory effect (a decrease in the rate of precipitation) was observed when gallbladder bile was diluted but was lost after 10-fold dilution.
(18) The strain was resistant to bile salts in TCBS medium and demonstrated several properties from a borderline of two Vibrio and Aeromonas species.
(19) Concentration of indoxyl sulfate in bile of a uremic rat was much lower than that in the uremic serum, suggesting that the adsorption of indoxyl sulfate in intestine is not a major mechanism of decreasing the serum concentration of indoxyl sulfate.
(20) Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of cefazolin.
Taurocholic
Definition:
(a.) Pertaining to, or designating, a conjugate acid (called taurocholic acid) composed of taurine and cholic acid, present abundantly in human bile and in that of carnivora. It is exceedingly deliquescent, and hence appears generally as a thick, gummy mass, easily soluble in water and alcohol. It has a bitter taste.
Example Sentences:
(1) Additional phosphatidylserine to the taurocholate system was either without effect at lower concentrations or inhibitory at higher concentrations.
(2) Stimulation of VLDL cholesterol secretion was accompanied by a reduction of taurocholic acid synthesis.
(3) Hepatic cholesterol content rose 36% with sodium taurocholate but did not change during sodium tauroursocholate administration.
(4) From the surface tension measurements the molecular areas of sodium fusidate and sodium taurocholate were calculated.
(5) The relationship between bile flow and bile salt output obtained during the administration of sodium taurocholate at stepwise-increasing rates indicated that bile salt-independent bile flow (y-intercept) was diminished by 37% in SZ-treated rats.
(6) The variation of the gastrin cells before and after cholecystectomy was negatively correlated only with the variation of taurocholic acid (r = -0.50, p = 0.05), while the variation of the parietal cells was mildly correlated with all single bile acids (r = 0.35-0.50, 0.05 less than p less than 0.02).
(7) Thus, the effect of taurocholate varies greatly depending upon the amounts of the contrast agent and the taurocholate administered.
(8) Saturation kinetics revealed a very high affinity (Km approximately 2.1 microM) of the system for taurocholate.
(9) The bile from wild red seabream was found to contain two previously unknown bile salts along with two known bile salts, taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate.
(10) In comparison with taurocholate, ileal absorption was about 10% less for cholyltyrosine and chenodeoxycholyltyrosine and about 50% less for deoxycholyltyrosine.
(11) A combination of additives, taurocholate-nucleosides-lipids, improved the maintenance of H. diminuta for periods exceeding 24 hr as determined by observational criteria and metabolic indices.
(12) Effects of sofalcone on the morphometrical glandular structure and the generative cell proliferation in the gastric mucosa of gastritis, induced in rats by the treatment of sodium taurocholate (TCA) for 3 and 6 months, were examined by means of 3H-thymidine autoradiography.
(13) In rats with diversion of the intestinal lymph from the blood, a five-fold expansion of the taurocholate pool resulted in only slight suppression of the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and even this inhibition was shown to be attributable to small amounts of cholesterol absorbed through collateral lymphatic vessels and (or) to a fasting effect.
(14) By use of different activators and inhibitors, TOCP(tri-o-cresyl phosphate), PCMB (parachloromercury benzoate), NiCl2, Pb(NO3)2, HgCl2, Hg(NO3)2, eserine and sodium taurocholate, it is shown that the esterase in the cyst cells and in group I cells of the guinea pig thyroid probably are A-esterase isoenzymes.
(15) The results suggest that ACAT activity in CaCo-2 cells is stimulated by cholesterol delivered to the cells by way of taurocholate micelles.
(16) The present study tested acetaminophen protection in cultured rat gastric mucous cells against sodium taurocholate-induced damage and assessed the role of endogenous prostaglandins.
(17) When exposed to a trypsin-sodium taurocholate fluid, sporozoites of I. serini excysted from 5-month-old sporocysts in vitro, but not from sporocysts stored for more than 6 months.
(18) The presence of taurocholate (1 mM) did not lead to an association of the enzyme.
(19) The aqueously dispersed phosphatidic acid-dependent activity present in rod outer segments was stimulated by Triton X-100 and taurocholate.
(20) Bile flow and bile acids decrease in bile following monensin treatment, in agreement with the disruption of the Na+ gradient determined by the ionophore and necessary for the vectorial Na+-cotransport of taurocholate at the sinusoidal pole of the hepatocyte.