(1) Although most studies emphasise the similarity of the australopithecines to modern man, and suggest, therefore, that these creatures were bipedal tool-makers at least one form of which (Australopithecus africanus--"Homo habilis", "Homo africanus") was almost directly ancestral to man, a series of multivariate statistical studies of various postcranial fragments suggests other conclusions.
(2) The exoskeleton is fitted with multiple gyros to stop it falling over during the balancing act of bipedal walking.
(3) Bipedality may have arisen more than once, the Australopithecinae displaying one or more experiments in bipedality that failed.
(4) Rather, it appears that the development of the LSA is related to the progressive acquisition of erect posture and the ontogeny of bipedal locomotion.
(5) Our studies on the gluteal (Tuttle et al., '78) and thigh muscles of African apes partly confirm Kummer's ('75) prediction that considerable gluteal and hamstring activity would be required in order for them to stand bipedally with flexed hip and knee joints.
(6) From a comparative biomechanical standpoint, it would appear that modern man's ancestors have possessed upright posture and bipedalism for 12 to 14 million years.
(7) Bipedal lymphangiography, in our experience, was no more accurate than excretory urograms in selecting patients with retroperitoneal disease and in addition provides no information regarding the status of the upper urinary tract.
(8) Consequently their bipedal stride lengths do not appear to be exceptional in length when compared to other mammals.
(9) The opposite was observed in adult dogs, where bipedalism was shown to be much more energy-consuming than quadrupedalism.
(10) On the basis of theoretical biomechanics and of experiments, we investigated the mechanical requirements to which the body of a bipedally walking primate is subject, and the possibilities to meet these requirements with a minimum amount of energy.
(11) Specifically, for the same direction of platform movement, during bipedal stance muscles on one side of the lower limb were activated in a distal to proximal sequence; during quadrupedal stance, muscles on the opposite side of the lower limb were activated and in a proximal to distal sequence.
(12) Human children, at the transitional stage between quadrupedalism and bipedalism, have high and almost equal requirements for all postures and locomotions.
(13) In the course of bipedal lymphography, the right axillary nodes were filled with contrast medium from the right pelvic region via the subcutaneous lymphatics.
(14) This model was selected among the postural behaviours that were roughly antecedent to Hominidae bipedalism.
(15) Bipedalism is relatively rare but nevertheless occurs in a wide variety of situations, although bipedalism during feeding occurs much more frequently than in other situations.
(16) For all patients with teratoma, we recommend CT of the thorax and abdomen, with bipedal lymphography for those with normal CT scans.
(17) One hundred patients with histologically proven carcinoma of the prostate were examined by radionuclide bone scintigraphy and bipedal lymphography.
(18) The fossil evidence suggests that Homo habilis and Paranthropus may have attained a similar grade of bipedality at roughly 1.8 m.y.
(19) No Monte Desert rodent has developed the specialized desert traits that have evolved in most desert rodent faunas of the world, although extinct marsupials similar to living bipedal desert rodents were present in the Monte as recently as late Pliocene.
(20) Compared with resting posture, the principal findings are 1) cardiac output shows a minimal increase for humans in bipedal stance and a noticeable increase for dogs as well as humans in quadrupedal stance; 2) quadrupedal stance in humans and dogs and bipedal stance in dogs require increased blood supply to the muscles of the neck, back, and limbs, while human bipedal stance requires none of these; 3) cerebral blood flow (internal carotid) in humans did not change as a result of bipedal posture or locomotion, but showed a noticeable drop in quadrupedal posture and an even further drop in quadrupedal locomotion.
Two
Definition:
(n.) One and one; twice one.
(n.) The sum of one and one; the number next greater than one, and next less than three; two units or objects.
(n.) A symbol representing two units, as 2, II., or ii.
Example Sentences:
(1) Thirty-two patients (10 male, 22 female; age 37-82 years) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis or haemofiltration were studied by means of Holter device capable of simultaneously analysing rhythm and ST-changes in three leads.
(2) All transplants were performed using standard techniques, the operation for the two groups differing only as described above.
(3) Patients with papillary carcinoma with a good cell-mediated immune response occurred with much lower infiltration of the tumor boundary with lymphocyte whereas the follicular carcinoma less cell-mediated immunity was associated with dense lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting the biological relevance of lymphocytic infiltration may be different for the two histologic variants.
(4) Two of the largest markets are Germany and South Korea, often held up as shining examples of export-led economies.
(5) Although the mean values for all hemodynamic variables between the two placebo periods were minimally changed, the differences in individual patients were striking.
(6) The authors have presented in two previous articles the graphic solutions resembling Tscherning ellipses, for spherical as well as for aspherical ophthalmic lenses free of astigmatism or power error.
(7) Clonal abnormalities involving chromosomes 3 and 21 were noted in two patients.
(8) After two weeks all animals were killed and autopsies of the animals were performed.
(9) No differences between the two substances were observed with respect to side effects and general tolerability.
(10) Anti-corruption campaigners have already trooped past the €18.9m mansion on Rue de La Baume, bought in 2007 in the name of two Bongo children, then 13 and 16, and other relatives, in what some call Paris's "ill-gotten gains" walking tour.
(11) We considered the days of the disease and the persistence of symptoms since the admission as peculiar parameters between the two groups.
(12) Between 22 HLA-identical siblings and 16 two-haplotype different siblings, a significant difference in concordance of reactions for the B-cell groups was noted.
(13) Cyclic AMP stimulated phosphorylation by [gamma-32P]ATP of two proteins of apparent Mr = 20,000 and 7,000 that were concentrated in sarcoplasmic reticulum, but the stimulation was markedly dependent on the presence of added soluble cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
(14) The constitution of chromosomes in the two plasmacytomas remained remarkably stable in their homogeneous modal population.
(15) The previous year, he claimed £1,415 for two new sofas, made two separate claims of £230 and £108 for new bed linen, charged £86 for a new kettle and kitchen utensils and made two separate claims, of £65 and £186, for replacement glasses and crockery.
(16) At pH 7.0, reduction is complete after 6 to 10 h. These results together with an earlier study concerning the positions of the two most readily reduced bonds (Cornell J.S., and Pierce, J.G.
(17) Gel filtration of the 40,000 rpm supernatant fraction of a homogenate of rat cerebral cortex on a Sepharose 6B column yielded two fractions: fraction II with the "Ca(2+) plus Mg(2+)-dependent" phosphodiesterase activity and fraction III containing its modulator.
(18) A diplomatic source said the killing appeared particularly unusual because of Farooq lack of recent political activity: "He was lying low in the past two years.
(19) However, as the same task confronts the Lib Dems, do we not now have a priceless opportunity to bring the two parties together to undertake a fundamental rethink of the way social democratic principles and policies can be made relevant to modern society.
(20) The findings suggest that these two syndromes are associated with dysfunction at two different sites within the frontal lobes.