What's the difference between biphenyl and hydrocarbon?

Biphenyl


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Of 15 organochlorine compounds analyzed, trace amounts mainly of p,p-DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected, but could not be quantitated.
  • (2) Mutagenicity of MC was increased when homogenates from MC-treated hamsters were used as a source of activating enzymes, and this mutagenicity could be correlated with increased biphenyl 2-hydroxylase activity.
  • (3) We have investigated the metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls and endogenous steroids by the major phenobarbital (PB)-inducible hepatic cytochromes P450 in dogs and rats, PBD-2 and PB-B, respectively.
  • (4) Studies of structure-transacylation relationships for a series of acylhydroxamic acids of chlorinated biphenyl ethers and their related compounds by rat liver N-arylacylhydroxamic acid-dependent N-acyltransferase (AHNAT) are described.
  • (5) There was an 84% decrease in the yield of microsomal protein, a 64% decrease in cytochrome P-450 content per mg of microsomal protein, and a 36% decrease in the biphenyl 4-hydroxylase specific activity in human cadaver liver that was a few hours old.
  • (6) Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in sewage wastes at a municipal sewage treatment plant was studied, showing that the great bulk of PCBs entering such a treatment plant become adsorbed onto the grit chamber solids and the sludge that is passed from the anaerobic digesters.
  • (7) Certain metabolites of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are retained in the Clara cells and in the airway lumen of rodent lung due to their interaction with a secretory 13-kDa protein.
  • (8) The degradation of 3- and 4-HBs by these strains is therefore analogous to the metabolism of biphenyl, 2-HB, and naphthalene in the requirement for 2,3-catechol formation.
  • (9) They appear to be a dimer, trimer and tetramer in which tyrosine units are linked by biphenyl bonds.
  • (10) The influence of serum lipids and proteins on partitioning of individual polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener peaks between human serum and adipose tissue lipid was assessed using regression analysis.
  • (11) Regions were ranked according to the mean concentration of 43 toxic substances (pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, semi-volatiles, and volatiles) in human adipose tissue and environmental media (sediment, fish tissue, and groundwater).
  • (12) Polychlorinated biphenyls are stable, lipophilic industrial compounds that are present in residue levels in human tissue, wildlife, and freshwater sediment.
  • (13) On the basis of a closeness criterion of 10 (deltaRI = RIa - RIb = 10), those combinations of three or fewer liquid phases which could distinguish between nearly all possible pairs of chlorinated biphenyls were selected.
  • (14) The toxic effects of the polychlorinated biphenyls upon plasma testosterone levels, the blood coagulation system, the gross- and micropathological changes as well as the extent and differences in their distribution and accumulation were studied.
  • (15) The efficacy of sulfuric acid cleanup and KOH-ethanol hydrolysis confirmation was studied for 22 organochlorine pesticides and 2 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
  • (16) A comparison is made of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with two other techniques widely used for the extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides in soil.
  • (17) Contamination by industrial chemicals such as polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenyls; heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury; and pesticides such as dieldrin and chlordane exemplify the problem in feeds and the resulting problem of tissue residues in human foods.
  • (18) The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls, gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane and the effect of a combination of these substances on the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase were investigated.
  • (19) Experimental studies have demonstrated that certain types of commercially produced polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are carcinogenic.
  • (20) The livers, lungs, and small intestines of untreated rabbits and the livers of control rats were stored intact, or as microsomal suspensions, under liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. Aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine demethylase, benzpyrene hydroxylase, biphenyl hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities, the microsomal content of cytochrome P-450, and the aniline- and benzphetamine-induced spectral changes were compared in fresh and stored preparations.

Hydrocarbon


Definition:

  • (n.) A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon, as methane, benzene, etc.; also, by extension, any of their derivatives.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) The high transition enthalpy for kerasin is ascribed to a lesser accommodation of gauche conformers in the hydrocarbon chains just below the transition temperature.
  • (2) Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility, carbon monoxide in expired air (CO), serum gammaglutamyl-transferase (GGT), and total cholesterol were compared in equal-sized, age-matched samples of healthy middle-aged males born in 1921, 1934-1936, and 1946 attending the ongoing preventive medical population program in Malmö.
  • (3) The length of the hydrocarbon chains of the surface-modified silica supports had no significant influence on the selectivity.
  • (4) The specificity of binding to microsomal proteins of metabolically activated hydrocarbons has been studied.
  • (5) Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase is present and inducible in Buffalo rat liver cells in culture.
  • (6) The possible occupational cause of the disease, as more solvents in the mud have the structure of aromatic hydrocarbons is discussed.
  • (7) Experiments with a series of adsorbents homologous with CPAD-Sepharose, in which the length of the hydrocarbon chain was varied, provided strong evidence of hydrophobic interactions, in addition to ionic interactions, in the binding of these proteins to CPAD-Sepharose.
  • (8) In the hydrocarbon promotion study, dose related increases were observed in the incidence of ACF in male rats promoted with UG or 50 ppm TMP for 24 or 60 weeks.
  • (9) The results also demonstrated that there was not any apparent correlation between the receptor-binding avidities and in vitro monooxygenase enzyme-induction potencies for the most active polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • (10) Both main-stream and side-stream cigarette smoke condensates and some fractions, containing water-soluble bases, water-insoluble bases, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, were found to induce AHH activity in lung and liver, the lung being induced to the greatest extent.
  • (11) Pancreas transplantation offers the possibility of preventing the development and progression of diabetic lesions by adequate control of hydrocarbon metabolism.
  • (12) A comparison of the relative cytosolic Ah (9S) receptor binding affinities and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) induction potencies of these hydrocarbons with their 4S protein binding affinities demonstrated the following: five compounds, namely 1,2,5,6-dibenz[a]-anthracene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, picene, benzo[a]pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene exhibited high to moderate binding affinities for the 4S and 9S cytosolic proteins (EC50 values less than 10(-6) M) and induced AHH in rat hepatoma cells; three compounds, namely perylene, benzo[e]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene exhibited high affinities for the 4S binding protein (1.25 X 10(-7), 4.4 X 10(-8) and 2.9 X 10(-8) M, respectively) and low affinities (EC50 values greater than 10(-5) M) for the Ah receptor protein; moreover these three compounds did not induce AHH in rat hepatoma H-4-II E cells in culture.
  • (13) It was found that HBSAg was strongly bound to straight hydrocarbon chains with more than seven carbon atoms.
  • (14) The parent hydrocarbons and the related K-region dihydrodiols induced some sister-chromatid exchanges but they were considerably less active than these two non-K-region diols.
  • (15) The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined.
  • (16) Other chlorinated hydrocarbons as decachlorobiphenyl, pentachloronaphthalene, hexachloronaphthalene and hexachlorostyrene were identified, but not quantified.
  • (17) It has been estimated that natural oil seeps may also contribute as much as 10% of the hydrocarbons in the global marine environment.
  • (18) The metabolic fate of the carcinogenic aza-aromatic hydrocarbon 7-methyl[7-(14)C]benz[c]acridine (14C-7MBAC) was studied in hepatocytes freshly isolated from untreated, phenobarbital-pretreated and 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats.
  • (19) Renal cytochrome P450, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, 7-ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase were increased after partial hepatectomy by 84%, 360%, 165% and 406%, respectively.
  • (20) Antioxidants devoid of hydrocarbon tails, are 10-20 fold more potent LPO inhibitors than the corresponding AOs with hydrocarbon tails.