(n.) A tree of several species, constituting the genus Betula; as, the white or common birch (B. alba) (also called silver birch and lady birch); the dwarf birch (B. glandulosa); the paper or canoe birch (B. papyracea); the yellow birch (B. lutea); the black or cherry birch (B. lenta).
(n.) The wood or timber of the birch.
(n.) A birch twig or birch twigs, used for flogging.
(n.) A birch-bark canoe.
(a.) Of or pertaining to the birch; birchen.
(v. t.) To whip with a birch rod or twig; to flog.
Example Sentences:
(1) Sixty patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to birch pollen were enrolled in an open, randomized parallel group study.
(2) If the majority of relevant tree pollens are to be included in a diagnostic or therapeutic programme in Western Sweden it should contain birch, alder, hazel, beech and bog-myrtle allergens.
(3) Bet v I, the major birch pollen allergen, could be extracted easily from pollen, and in low amounts from callus and leaves.
(4) In the case of initially negative tests with positive second and third SPTs the incidence ranged between 3.2% (cat dander) and 4.3% (birch pollen) per year.
(5) The sera that did not detect the 15 kD bands in celery failed to react with both the 15 kD mugwort component and the 14 and 16 kD birch components.
(6) In previous experiments it was found that birch, beech, alder, hazel and oak are pollens with importance in pathogenesis of early pollinosis in our region of Central Europe.
(7) We conclude that in children with birch pollinosis oral immunotherapy with high doses of a biologically potent preparation in enteric-coated capsules is effective, easy to perform, economic and safe.
(8) The patients selected for study were subjects with a combined inhalant allergy to birch pollen and an oral allergy to apple fruit.
(9) In the same area, the birch pollen load was 2.8 times higher, which caused specific IgE in 10.5% as against 3.5% of the other group (P less than 0.01) as well as positive skin prick test in 9.0% as against 3.5% (P less than 0.05).
(10) Moreover, a major pollen allergen in birch (BetvI) has a 44% identity with PvPR1 proteins.
(11) It appears that screening for an IgE-mediated allergy can be performed with a limited number of skin tests (rye grass, timothy, birch, house dust mite and cat).
(12) RAST investigations on the sera of 27 patients suffering from celery allergy showed specific IgE to mugwort and birch in 15 cases; sensitization to mugwort or birch alone only occurred in 5 and 7 cases, respectively.
(13) Nine patients with strictly seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by birch pollen and five healthy nonatopic control subjects participated in the present study, which started 1 wk before the birch pollen season and continued throughout the entire pollen season.
(14) Of all positive RAST reactions observed, 74% were against the following allergens: horse and cat epithelium, birch and timothy pollen, and house dust.
(15) Thus 98% of atopic patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis were detected by an allergen panel consisting of timothy, birch and mugwort.
(16) The sera selected were positive in the RAST for both birch pollen and fruits.
(17) Cross-incubations: birch pollen incubated with antibodies against hazel (Ab-CA), or alder (Ab-AI), showed various intensities of gold labelling for each of the three species.
(18) We have studied the influence of substance P (SP) on the proliferative response of concanavalin A (ConA)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 birch pollen-allergic patients, sampled before and during the pollen season, and from 15 normal individuals.
(19) The beavers have felled most of the bankside birch, sycamore and other trees they like to eat and use for their dams.
(20) Nine asthmatic patients with an allergy to birch or timothy underwent bronchial allergen provocations on three different trial days, with intervals of 2 to 5 wk.
Rod
Definition:
(n.) A straight and slender stick; a wand; hence, any slender bar, as of wood or metal (applied to various purposes).
(n.) An instrument of punishment or correction; figuratively, chastisement.
(n.) A kind of sceptor, or badge of office; hence, figuratively, power; authority; tyranny; oppression.
(n.) A support for a fishing line; a fish pole.
(n.) A member used in tension, as for sustaining a suspended weight, or in tension and compression, as for transmitting reciprocating motion, etc.; a connecting bar.
(n.) An instrument for measuring.
(n.) A measure of length containing sixteen and a half feet; -- called also perch, and pole.
Example Sentences:
(1) The NORPLANT-2 rod system on the other hand consists of only 2 rods.
(2) Since resistance is mainly mediated by R plasmids, we undertook to investigate the characteristics of R plasmid-determined beta-lactamase in 6 Gram-negative rods.
(3) Electroretinographic (ERG), morphometric and biochemical studies on retinas from monkeys or rats reveal that moderate level developmental lead (Pb) exposure produces long-term selective rod deficits and degeneration.
(4) Electron microscopy revealed the presence of a hitherto unreported peculiar "pilovacuolar" inclusion in numerous mitochondria, composed of an electron dense pile or rod within a vacuole, while globular or crystalline inclusions were absent.
(5) Changes in protein phosphorylation induced by phagocytic challenge were identified in cultured rat retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) following exposure to isolated rat rod outer segments (ROS) or to polystyrene latex microspheres (PSL).
(6) Thirty-six investigations were made using a number of lithium fluoride micro-rods for each investigation.
(7) After intravenous or dorsal lymph sac injections of 3H-22:6, most of the retinal label was seen in rod photoreceptor cells.
(8) The antigenic determinant defined by 5E9 was also shown to be present in a 87000 molecular weight polypeptide located in the proximal part of the flagellum of Crithidia oncopelti in which a paraflagellar rod is not detectable at the ultrastructural level.
(9) Chloride caused a significant concentration-dependent shortening of myosin rods due to destabilization of the alpha-helical double coiled rod structure.
(10) Rod adaptation was abnormal in both families, but the time course of adaptation differed between patients with the two mutations.
(11) Electron microscopy shows that at neutral pH, CEA particles consist of homogeneous, morphologically distinctive, twisted rod-shaped particles, about 9 X 40 nm.
(12) RCA-1, which is specific for D-galactose, showed patchy fluorescence on the basal and distal portions of the outer segments of the cones and rods, whereas neuraminidase-treated sections had uniform fluorescence throughout the tissues.
(13) All are satisfied by [Formula: see text], where N is the size of rod signal, constant for threshold; theta, theta(D) are steady backgrounds of light and receptor noise; varphi is the threshold flash with sigma a constant of about 2.5 log td sec; B the fraction of pigment in the bleached state.
(14) The territory’s chief executive Leung Chun-ying, has become a lightning rod for the protesters’ anger .
(15) Beyond intraoperative recognition and removal of the rods, effective strategies to prevent this neuronal loss have yet to be developed.
(16) Sensitivities to gentamicin, sissomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin were compared in 196 gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative rods and in 212 similar organisms sensitive to gentamicin, mainly isolated from clinical specimens.
(17) It should be considered as a causative agent in culture-negative cases of endocarditis and also when a gram-negative rod is isolated which is sensitive to all antibiotics.
(18) Rats permitted to recover for 13 weeks and then sacrificed had lost almost all their rods (p less than 0.001) while the cones were reduced by about 50% (p less than 0.01).
(19) The reports of rod-dominated psychophysical spectral sensitivity from the deprived eye of monocularly lid-sutured (MD) monkeys are intriguing but difficult to reconcile with the absence of any reported deprivation effects in retina.
(20) Rod adaptation had no reliable influence on response to rapid onset in cones or bipolar cells.