(a.) Of, or containing, bismuth, when this element has its lower valence.
Example Sentences:
(1) By means of rapid planar Hill type antimony-bismuth thermophiles the initial heat liberated by papillary muscles was measured synchronously with developed tension for control (C), pressure-overload (GOP), and hypothyrotic (PTU) rat myocardium (chronic experiments) and after application of 10(-6) M isoproterenol or 200 10(-6) M UDCG-115.
(2) 0.5 to 1 gram pure Bismuth per day and person leaves the patients naturally by faeces.
(3) Other useful treatments include bismuth subsalicylate or anti-motility agents such as loperamide or diphenoxylate.
(4) Killing of E. coli at this pH was much more rapid than at pH 7 and was apparently due to salicylate released by the conversion of BSS to bismuth oxychloride.
(5) The three bismuth compounds reduced FLES significantly in 47 (81%) of 58 of the stool samples used to test their effect.
(6) The constituents tested were activated dimethiocone (a silicone) magnesium trisilicate, bismuth carbonate and the adsorbant, kaolin.
(7) Side effects of orally administered bismuthic salts have been known for many years.
(8) The distinct advantage that NBG agar offers over the conventional method tested, including bismuth sulfite, is the consistent differential reaction of all Salmonella subgroups including biochemically atypical strains.
(9) Bismuth salts had little effect on cefoperazone, ceftazidime, or mezlocillin activity.
(10) Both decreased after bismuth therapy independently on the elimination of CP.
(11) Monotherapy with bismuth salts, tinidazone or amoxycillin has been shown to result in early relapse and recurrence of ulcers.
(12) and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars.
(13) The pharmacokinetics of Bismuth Subnitrate and Cisplatin were studied in several courses.
(14) Surface-active agents (bismuth complexes, sucralfate, prostaglandins and carbenoxolone) are consistently superior to H2-histamine receptor antagonist drugs (cimetidine and ranitidine).
(15) Pretreatment with tablet base gave only marginal protection whilst bismuth subnitrate gave marked protection against ulceration compared to alcohol alone (P less than 0.001).
(16) Helicobacter pylori is obviously a factor in the occurrence of peptic ulcer disease, but with the high prevalence of asymptomatic infection and evidence suggesting that duodenal ulcer disease may be self-limiting, widespread treatment with bismuth and antibiotics may do more harm than good.
(17) Colloidal bismuth subcitrate alone, which suppresses but does not eradicate H. pylori infection, seems to be an effective ulcer drug and may even reduce the rate of early recurrences.
(18) An effective prophylaxis in duodenal ulcer can also be achieved by combination therapy with bismuth plus antibiotics or with omeprazole plus antibiotics.
(19) When individual drugs are considered, this appears to hold true for colloidal bismuth alone.
(20) Both findings demonstrate that bismuth subsalicylate can provide antiemetic action and that the decreases in the occurrence of emesis in humans and dogs parallels the decrease in nausea found in humans and the nausea suspected to occur prior to emesis in dogs.
Valence
Definition:
(n.) The degree of combining power of an atom (or radical) as shown by the number of atoms of hydrogen (or of other monads, as chlorine, sodium, etc.) with which it will combine, or for which it can be substituted, or with which it can be compared; thus, an atom of hydrogen is a monad, and has a valence of one; the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon are respectively dyads, triads, and tetrads, and have a valence respectively of two, three, and four.
Example Sentences:
(1) The mixed-valence-state cytochrome oxidase mixed with O2 at -24 degrees C and flash-photolysed at -60 to -100 degrees C reacts with O2 and initially forms an oxy compound (A2) similar to that formed from the fully reduced state (A1).
(2) Additional results, together with simulations based on a simple kinetic model, suggest that the reduced apparent valence of the low slope component of the Q-V curve results from gating charge immobilization occurring at holding potential.
(3) A related explanation is that the 609 nm absorbance involves a charge-transfer interaction of both iron and copper as a mixed-valence binuclear complex, Cua3, having properties of a non-blue copper.
(4) RBDs were significantly more impaired than LBDs or NCs on category and valence accuracy, while LBDs posed expressions with significantly more intensity than RBDs or NCs.
(5) The extent of adsorption was affected by the concentration and valency of cations, indicating a charge-dependent process.
(6) Use of that principle was demonstrated by fourth grade children who judged that telling the truth, as opposed to lying, was shown by a consistency between the affective valence of the verbal and the nonverbal communications.
(7) Research reported here shows that primary and transferred releasing valences are differentially affected by environmental variables.
(8) Furthermore, the valences of all ions in solution on both sides of the membrane are taken to be of equal absolute magnitude.
(9) Possible valence bond structures for 3-methylpurine residues in DNA are discussed, leading to the suggestion that ionized forms with positively charged amino groups may be the most effective blocks to template activity.
(10) A confirmatory factor analysis on these subscales showed that the Affective Valence, Empathic Caring, Self-Sacrifice, and Societies' Duties subscales each reflect a humanitarian concern for children and that the Instrumentality and Authoritarian Attitude subscales tap values involving a moralistic expectation of children.
(11) The excitatory potential, the involvement potential, and the hedonic valence of the nonerotic and erotic stimuli were also assessed.
(12) A monovalent form of concanavalin A (m-Con A) has been prepared to determine the importance of valence for human lymphocyte surface binding and subsequent lymphocyte stimulation as measured by blast transformation and cytotoxicity.
(13) As concerns the valence of the natural focus, the most important was the inundated forest in the Drnholec locality.
(14) Examination of the antigen dose-response curves and maximal responses obtained suggests that valency of the antigen may be important both in determining the avidity of interaction between the pCTL and the antigen-bearing structure, and in determining the extent to which localized receptor cross-linking occurs on the cell surface to result in triggering.
(15) Therefore, no conclusions about biological valence and tumour localisation could be drawn from the aspect of the cell picture which we observed and from the degree of pleocytosis.
(16) During presentation of pictures with negative valence the m. frontalis lateralis and the m. corrugator supercilii revealed enhanced EMG-reactions as compared to the repeated presentation of pictures with positive valence.
(17) The degree and the character of these changes depend on cation valency and the initial value of cell EM.
(18) Maximum adsorption at 23 degrees C occurred within 2 h. The amounts of DNA which adsorbed to sand increased with the salt concentration (0.1 to 4 M NaCl and 1 mM to 0.2 M MgCl2), salt valency (Na+ less than Mg2+ and Ca2+), and pH (5 to 9).
(19) The influence of valence and heavy chain on antibody activity was investigated using transfectoma-derived, class-switched IgG1 and IgM human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) reactive with the bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli K1 and group B Streptococcus species.
(20) The obtained data allows to suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of 6-ONDA neurotoxic action includes the generation of superoxide, whose dismutation to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of transient valency ions gives rise to HO.