What's the difference between bivalent and double?

Bivalent


Definition:

  • (p. pr.) Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Bivalent F(ab')(2) also retains its insulin-like effects.
  • (2) It could be demonstrated that equimolar doses of the bivalent alpha,N-(epsilon,N-DNP-aminocaproyl-)-epsilon,N-DNP-L-lysine and the multivalent dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin were equally effective in eliciting reactions in skin sites provided that a high affinity antibody was used for sensitization.
  • (3) The function of the other bivalent cations is unknown.
  • (4) We interpret these experiments in terms of a theory of equilibrium binding of bivalent haptens to cell surface antibody that is presented in the previous paper.
  • (5) Bivalent cations (Ca2+, UO2(2+) or Zn2+) in the subphase at pH 5.6 significantly modified the behaviour of mixed monolayers of fusogenic lipids with phospholipids; there was a parallel perturbing effect of fusogenic lipids on interactions between monolayers of phospholipids and bivalent cations.
  • (6) In continuation of the research on male human meiosis within the study of pachytene bivalents, results from the analysis of 125 cells are presented.
  • (7) These oocytes contain 6 distinct bivalent chromosomes in diakinesis.
  • (8) In meiotic prophase of spermatocytes, chromosomes 2 and 3 form pachytene-diplotene bivalents whose arms may be associated by chiasmata in postdiplotene stages, but the X, Y and fourth chromosomes participate in a complex multivalent.
  • (9) Experiments indicated that complement deposition altered functionally bivalent IgG3 antibody in the immune complex into a univalent one.
  • (10) Low melittin concentrations (1-2 mcM) increased in several times the rate of H+, K+, Na+ ions and Tris transport, in a lesser degree--bivalent ions and Cl- transport and did not affect the permeability for succrose.
  • (11) The first two opioid peptide bivalent ligands with different spacer lengths containing different numbers of hydroxyl groups, (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-)2 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-)2, were synthesized and their binding to mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors was characterized.
  • (12) The bivalent vaccine was completely attenuated for children.
  • (13) Bivalent cations such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ differentially affect their binding to oligonucleotides which contain the HIV-enhancer domain.
  • (14) The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer) and required bivalent cations for catalysis.
  • (15) A method of radioimmunoscintigraphy using bivalent "Janus" haptens with an apparent enhanced affinity ("avidity") for the antibody is described.
  • (16) Two monovalent CD3 antibodies with mixed heavy chain isotypes were very poor in lysis but, in contrast, a monovalent antibody possessing two identical rat gamma 2b heavy chains but two non-identical light chains was found to be more lytic with human complement than the parental bivalent CD3 antibody.
  • (17) It is concluded that reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxy radical, play a significant role on renal injury in bivalent hapten immune complex glomerulonephritis.
  • (18) Dissociation of the X-Y chromosome bivalent in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes of adult mice was significantly more frequent in the CBA strain (29%) than in C57, KP, or KE strains (7-11%).
  • (19) It is suggested that bivalent ligand binding is required as a signal to elicit chemotactic locomotion.
  • (20) Results included the following: (1) lymphocyte stimulation responses to PHA and SPL were generally depressed in the CA patients versus controls; (2) incubation with indomethacin produced bivalent effects in both controls and CA patients, depending on the concentration of indomethacin and lymphocyte stimulant; incubation with optimum concentrations of indomethacin generally produced augmented responses in both study groups whereas high concentrations of indomethacin were suppressive; (3) the immune potentiating effects were not observed in older patients with advanced disease; and (4) removal of adherent leukocytes (mainly monocytes) also restored depressed lymphocyte responses.

Double


Definition:

  • (a.) Twofold; multiplied by two; increased by its equivalent; made twice as large or as much, etc.
  • (a.) Being in pairs; presenting two of a kind, or two in a set together; coupled.
  • (a.) Divided into two; acting two parts, one openly and the other secretly; equivocal; deceitful; insincere.
  • (a.) Having the petals in a flower considerably increased beyond the natural number, usually as the result of cultivation and the expense of the stamens, or stamens and pistils. The white water lily and some other plants have their blossoms naturally double.
  • (adv.) Twice; doubly.
  • (a.) To increase by adding an equal number, quantity, length, value, or the like; multiply by two; to double a sum of money; to double a number, or length.
  • (a.) To make of two thicknesses or folds by turning or bending together in the middle; to fold one part upon another part of; as, to double the leaf of a book, and the like; to clinch, as the fist; -- often followed by up; as, to double up a sheet of paper or cloth.
  • (a.) To be the double of; to exceed by twofold; to contain or be worth twice as much as.
  • (a.) To pass around or by; to march or sail round, so as to reverse the direction of motion.
  • (a.) To unite, as ranks or files, so as to form one from each two.
  • (v. i.) To be increased to twice the sum, number, quantity, length, or value; to increase or grow to twice as much.
  • (v. i.) To return upon one's track; to turn and go back over the same ground, or in an opposite direction.
  • (v. i.) To play tricks; to use sleights; to play false.
  • (v. i.) To set up a word or words a second time by mistake; to make a doublet.
  • (n.) Twice as much; twice the number, sum, quantity, length, value, and the like.
  • (n.) Among compositors, a doublet (see Doublet, 2.); among pressmen, a sheet that is twice pulled, and blurred.
  • (n.) That which is doubled over or together; a doubling; a plait; a fold.
  • (n.) A turn or circuit in running to escape pursues; hence, a trick; a shift; an artifice.
  • (n.) Something precisely equal or counterpart to another; a counterpart. Hence, a wraith.
  • (n.) A player or singer who prepares to take the part of another player in his absence; a substitute.
  • (n.) Double beer; strong beer.
  • (n.) A feast in which the antiphon is doubled, hat is, said twice, before and after the Psalms, instead of only half being said, as in simple feasts.
  • (n.) A game between two pairs of players; as, a first prize for doubles.
  • (n.) An old term for a variation, as in Bach's Suites.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) An unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli was grown with a series of cis-octadecenoate isomers in which the location of the double bond varied from positions 3 to 17.
  • (2) Theoretical computations are performed of the intercalative binding of the neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS) with the double-stranded oligonucleotides d(CGCG)2, d(GCGC)2, d(TATA)2 and d(ATAT)2.
  • (3) The use of glucagon in double-contrast studies of the colon has been recommended for various reasons, one of which is to facilitate reflux of barium into the terminal ileum.
  • (4) Clonazepam was added to the treatment of patients with poorly controlled epilepsy in a double-blind trial and an open trial.
  • (5) We report the results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of acitretin (Soriatane) in 15 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis.
  • (6) To determine the accuracy of double-contrast arthrography in complete rotator cuff tears, we studied 805 patients thought to have a complete rotator cuff tear who had undergone double-contrast shoulder arthrography (DCSA) between 1978 and 1983.
  • (7) For the detection of this antigen, a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed.
  • (8) In a double-blind, crossover-designed study, 9 male subjects (age range: 18-25 years) received 25 mg orally, four times per day of either S or an identically-appearing placebo (P) 2 d prior to and during HA.
  • (9) Aberrant forms (elongated and twisted) in the vacuole and double virions in the plasma membrane were observed as early as 65 h after infection.
  • (10) Such an approach to investigations into subclinical mastitis is not feasible by means of either single- or double-parameter techniques.
  • (11) In a randomized double-blind study, 40 patients with coronary heart disease received intravenously either 0.025 mg nitroglycerin or placebo.
  • (12) In the present study, 125 oesophageal biopsies obtained under direct vision at endoscopy from 22 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were systematically studied using fluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase single and double-staining immunocytochemical methods employing highly specific antibodies to localize the following peptide-containing cell types in Barrett's mucosa: gastrin, somatostatin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, motilin, neurotensin and pancreatic glucagon.
  • (13) The M 13 specific DNA present in minicells isolated several hours after infection consists of single stranded viral DNA and double stranded replicative forms in nearly equal amounts.
  • (14) Eighty micrograms of the topically active parasympatholytic drug ipratropium were applied intranasally four times daily in 20 adults with perennial rhinitis and severe watery rhinorrhoea in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial.
  • (15) calcium tung-state, rare-earths compounds, double halogenides.
  • (16) The effect of ipratropium bromide administered at two dosage levels, 40 and 80 mug, isoproterenol, 150 mug, and placebo using a metered dose inhaler was evaluated in ten adult patients with asthma in a double-blind, crossover study.
  • (17) PNS at 7 Hz approximately doubled mesenteric venous plasma levels of PGE2 in both 16-week-old SHR and WKY, but PNS did not increase levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in either strain.
  • (18) In contrast, strains carrying the substitutions Ile-30----Phe, Gly-33----Leu, Gly-58----Leu, and Lys-34----Val and the Lys-34----Val, Glu-37----Gln double substitution were found to possess a coupled phenotype similar to that of the wild type.
  • (19) The epidemiological effectiveness of dipyridamol, an interferon-inducing agent used for the prevention of influenza and viral acute respiratory diseases, was tested in 4 epidemiological trials, 3 of them carried out as double blind trials.
  • (20) Neutral sucrose density sedimentation patterns indicate that neutron-induced double strand-breaks sometimes occur in clusters of more than 100 in the same phage and that the effeciency with which double strand-breaks form is about 50 times that of gamma-induced double strand-breaks.