(p. pr.) Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bivalent F(ab')(2) also retains its insulin-like effects.
(2) It could be demonstrated that equimolar doses of the bivalent alpha,N-(epsilon,N-DNP-aminocaproyl-)-epsilon,N-DNP-L-lysine and the multivalent dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin were equally effective in eliciting reactions in skin sites provided that a high affinity antibody was used for sensitization.
(3) The function of the other bivalent cations is unknown.
(4) We interpret these experiments in terms of a theory of equilibrium binding of bivalent haptens to cell surface antibody that is presented in the previous paper.
(5) Bivalent cations (Ca2+, UO2(2+) or Zn2+) in the subphase at pH 5.6 significantly modified the behaviour of mixed monolayers of fusogenic lipids with phospholipids; there was a parallel perturbing effect of fusogenic lipids on interactions between monolayers of phospholipids and bivalent cations.
(6) In continuation of the research on male human meiosis within the study of pachytene bivalents, results from the analysis of 125 cells are presented.
(7) These oocytes contain 6 distinct bivalent chromosomes in diakinesis.
(8) In meiotic prophase of spermatocytes, chromosomes 2 and 3 form pachytene-diplotene bivalents whose arms may be associated by chiasmata in postdiplotene stages, but the X, Y and fourth chromosomes participate in a complex multivalent.
(9) Experiments indicated that complement deposition altered functionally bivalent IgG3 antibody in the immune complex into a univalent one.
(10) Low melittin concentrations (1-2 mcM) increased in several times the rate of H+, K+, Na+ ions and Tris transport, in a lesser degree--bivalent ions and Cl- transport and did not affect the permeability for succrose.
(11) The first two opioid peptide bivalent ligands with different spacer lengths containing different numbers of hydroxyl groups, (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-)2 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-)2, were synthesized and their binding to mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors was characterized.
(12) The bivalent vaccine was completely attenuated for children.
(13) Bivalent cations such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ differentially affect their binding to oligonucleotides which contain the HIV-enhancer domain.
(14) The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer) and required bivalent cations for catalysis.
(15) A method of radioimmunoscintigraphy using bivalent "Janus" haptens with an apparent enhanced affinity ("avidity") for the antibody is described.
(16) Two monovalent CD3 antibodies with mixed heavy chain isotypes were very poor in lysis but, in contrast, a monovalent antibody possessing two identical rat gamma 2b heavy chains but two non-identical light chains was found to be more lytic with human complement than the parental bivalent CD3 antibody.
(17) It is concluded that reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxy radical, play a significant role on renal injury in bivalent hapten immune complex glomerulonephritis.
(18) Dissociation of the X-Y chromosome bivalent in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes of adult mice was significantly more frequent in the CBA strain (29%) than in C57, KP, or KE strains (7-11%).
(19) It is suggested that bivalent ligand binding is required as a signal to elicit chemotactic locomotion.
(20) Results included the following: (1) lymphocyte stimulation responses to PHA and SPL were generally depressed in the CA patients versus controls; (2) incubation with indomethacin produced bivalent effects in both controls and CA patients, depending on the concentration of indomethacin and lymphocyte stimulant; incubation with optimum concentrations of indomethacin generally produced augmented responses in both study groups whereas high concentrations of indomethacin were suppressive; (3) the immune potentiating effects were not observed in older patients with advanced disease; and (4) removal of adherent leukocytes (mainly monocytes) also restored depressed lymphocyte responses.
Meiosis
Definition:
(n.) Diminution; a species of hyperbole, representing a thing as being less than it really is.
Example Sentences:
(1) To this end, a meiosis-defective mating-type mutation was used as a marker for the plus segment, by taking advantage of its suppressibility by a nonsense suppressor.
(2) When multiple probes were informative, the meiotic exchange points for each meiosis were located in individual families.
(3) This observation suggests that testosterone acts to inhibit meiosis at a site beyond the function of the puromycin-sensitive proteins or that testosterone causes a reduction in the turnover rate of these proteins.
(4) Commitment to meiosis occurs during the prezygotene interval at about the time when S-phase replication is completed.
(5) Meiosis is too complex to have arisen at once full blown and a stepwise scheme is proposed for its evolution, where each step is believed to have provided an immediate selective advantage: (1) The first step in this tentative sequence is the development of a haploidization process by means of a rapid series of mitotic non-disjunctions, turned on under conditions where haploidy is favored.
(6) Recently, cDNA clones encoding several bovine CKI isoforms have been sequenced that show high sequence identity to the HRR25 gene product of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; HRR25 is required for normal cellular growth, nuclear segregation, DNA repair, and meiosis.
(7) They proceed through meiosis normally, as judged by the occurrence of meiotic recombination, the production of haploid nuclei, and the formation of multinucleate cells visible after Giemsa staining.
(8) In continuation of the research on male human meiosis within the study of pachytene bivalents, results from the analysis of 125 cells are presented.
(9) The absence of these mRNAs in mitosis and their disappearance at 4 hr and later in meiosis suggest that the rec7 and rec8 gene products may be involved primarily in the early steps of meiotic recombination in S. pombe.
(10) This trisomy arose through aberrant segregation of translocation chromosome during meiosis in the patient's mother, who is a balanced heterozygote for a complex translocation involving chromosomes 9, 21 and 22.
(11) Chemicals were injected into mice at the MI (meiosis I) stage or 3 hours before the MI stage in order to examine their toxicity.
(12) In the immunogold staining assay a post-fixation and nuclear staining procedure was developed which allowed identification of isolated germ cells, revealing clearly, for all seven MAbs, that the determinants were expressed on germ cells but not on somatic cells and, for WCS 7, 11 and 12 only, that the determinants first appeared on small spermatogonia prior to meiosis.
(13) A 'small' CG-free area of the cortex, with prominent cytoplasmic protrusions, appeared twice during the progression of meiosis.
(14) An attractive explanation for these results is that long tandem arrays of simple repeated sequences are generated at high frequency throughout the genome and that they are retained for a longer time on the Y chromosome due to the absence of homologous pairing at meiosis.
(15) Expression of one of the three genes was found to be limited to a single cell type during the 5-6 day period from late meiosis to immature pollen formation.
(16) Analysis of RNA from different developmental stages and from enriched populations of spermatogenic cells revealed that this gene is expressed during the prophase stage of meiosis.
(17) In fission yeast the ability to undergo meiosis and sporulation is conferred by the matP+ and matM+ genes of the mating-type locus.
(18) The binding of in vivo labeled RNA to the corresponding DNAs increased 3- to 12-fold at the time of meiosis I, in parallel with the accumulation of the SPR transcripts.
(19) It was concluded that meiosis and spore formation in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica seem to represent parallel and coordinated processes which generally resemble those recorded for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula species.
(20) Neither meiosis nor mutagenesis increased the revertant frequency, nor did incubation at elevated temperatures lower it.