(p. pr.) Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bivalent F(ab')(2) also retains its insulin-like effects.
(2) It could be demonstrated that equimolar doses of the bivalent alpha,N-(epsilon,N-DNP-aminocaproyl-)-epsilon,N-DNP-L-lysine and the multivalent dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin were equally effective in eliciting reactions in skin sites provided that a high affinity antibody was used for sensitization.
(3) The function of the other bivalent cations is unknown.
(4) We interpret these experiments in terms of a theory of equilibrium binding of bivalent haptens to cell surface antibody that is presented in the previous paper.
(5) Bivalent cations (Ca2+, UO2(2+) or Zn2+) in the subphase at pH 5.6 significantly modified the behaviour of mixed monolayers of fusogenic lipids with phospholipids; there was a parallel perturbing effect of fusogenic lipids on interactions between monolayers of phospholipids and bivalent cations.
(6) In continuation of the research on male human meiosis within the study of pachytene bivalents, results from the analysis of 125 cells are presented.
(7) These oocytes contain 6 distinct bivalent chromosomes in diakinesis.
(8) In meiotic prophase of spermatocytes, chromosomes 2 and 3 form pachytene-diplotene bivalents whose arms may be associated by chiasmata in postdiplotene stages, but the X, Y and fourth chromosomes participate in a complex multivalent.
(9) Experiments indicated that complement deposition altered functionally bivalent IgG3 antibody in the immune complex into a univalent one.
(10) Low melittin concentrations (1-2 mcM) increased in several times the rate of H+, K+, Na+ ions and Tris transport, in a lesser degree--bivalent ions and Cl- transport and did not affect the permeability for succrose.
(11) The first two opioid peptide bivalent ligands with different spacer lengths containing different numbers of hydroxyl groups, (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-)2 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-)2, were synthesized and their binding to mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors was characterized.
(12) The bivalent vaccine was completely attenuated for children.
(13) Bivalent cations such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ differentially affect their binding to oligonucleotides which contain the HIV-enhancer domain.
(14) The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer) and required bivalent cations for catalysis.
(15) A method of radioimmunoscintigraphy using bivalent "Janus" haptens with an apparent enhanced affinity ("avidity") for the antibody is described.
(16) Two monovalent CD3 antibodies with mixed heavy chain isotypes were very poor in lysis but, in contrast, a monovalent antibody possessing two identical rat gamma 2b heavy chains but two non-identical light chains was found to be more lytic with human complement than the parental bivalent CD3 antibody.
(17) It is concluded that reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxy radical, play a significant role on renal injury in bivalent hapten immune complex glomerulonephritis.
(18) Dissociation of the X-Y chromosome bivalent in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes of adult mice was significantly more frequent in the CBA strain (29%) than in C57, KP, or KE strains (7-11%).
(19) It is suggested that bivalent ligand binding is required as a signal to elicit chemotactic locomotion.
(20) Results included the following: (1) lymphocyte stimulation responses to PHA and SPL were generally depressed in the CA patients versus controls; (2) incubation with indomethacin produced bivalent effects in both controls and CA patients, depending on the concentration of indomethacin and lymphocyte stimulant; incubation with optimum concentrations of indomethacin generally produced augmented responses in both study groups whereas high concentrations of indomethacin were suppressive; (3) the immune potentiating effects were not observed in older patients with advanced disease; and (4) removal of adherent leukocytes (mainly monocytes) also restored depressed lymphocyte responses.
Synapse
Definition:
Example Sentences:
(1) Synapse loss was accentuated, however, within immature and mature plaques.
(2) The capacity of granule-cell networks to separate overlapping patterns of activity on their inputs is adequate, with spatial variability in the secretion at synapses, but is improved if there is also temporal variability in the stochastic secretion at individual synapses, although this is at the expense of reliability in the network.
(3) Synapses involving a postsynaptic GABA-labeled process made up 20% of the synapses studied.
(4) For those synapses that were close to the soma the time constant for decay for the non-NMDA component, which was voltage insensitive, ranged from 4-8 ms. 7.
(5) It is concluded that catechol potentiates excitatory transmission at the LOT-superficial pyramidal cell synapse, possibly by increasing evoked transmitter release.
(6) These include the transmitter at intraganglionic synapses, transmitters of the pair of inhibitory and the two pairs of acceleratory fibers, and neurohormones released from the pericardial organs.
(7) This review will briefly summarize some of the data on the activity-dependent components of these mechanisms and incorporate the data into a model for selective synapse stabilization of coactive synapses.
(8) In vivo, the ability of an AChR clustering stimulus to depress cluster formation elsewhere on the muscle cell may influence both the site at which the neuromuscular junction develops as well as which axons survive during synapse elimination.
(9) It is connected to the motor layer by means of adaptive synapses which provide a physical link between a motor activity and its sensory consequences.
(10) This could reflect the existence of a parallel set of synapses with fast decay that serve as a shortterm store.
(11) (4) Electrical stimulation by cutaneous devices or implants can give much benefit to some patients in whom other methods have failed and there are indications, not only from anecdote and clinical impression but also now from experimental physiology, that it may benefit by mechanisms of interaction at the first sensory synapse.
(12) In this sense synapse formation must be considered a drawn out affair.
(13) GABA-IR terminals were not observed as presynaptic elements in axo-axonic synapses; however, on some occasions, GABA-IR profiles presumed to be axon terminals were observed postsynaptic to large glomerular type terminals.
(14) In the perineuronal neuropil of large pyramidal neurons (layers V-VI) there appear symmetric synapses with pyramidal cells, dendritic processes and dendritic spines.
(15) After injection of HRP-WGA into the contralateral hippocampus 2% of hilar NPY-i neurons were retrogradely labeled and symmetric NPY-i synapses were found on the cell bodies and dendrites of unstained HRP-WGA labeled neurons.
(16) The effect of parathyroid hormone intraperitoneal injection at different stages of experimental uremia induced by subtotal nephrectomy on ultrastructural morphofunctional characteristics of hippocampus Ca3 field axospinal synapses was studied.
(17) These results provide the first demonstration that embryonic neurons supply agrin-like molecules to the synapses they form with embryonic muscle cells.
(18) The AISs of these cells were completely reconstructed from tracings of serial electron micrographs and the number and type of synapses ending on them determined.
(19) Therefore, in the cricket cercal sensory system, both regeneration of the central synapses following axotomy of the presynaptic sensory neurons and the normal rearrangement of connectivity during larval development appear not to require axonal action potentials.
(20) In axospinous synapses, the labelled terminals were usually adjacent to unstained axon terminals contacting the same postsynaptic element.