(p. pr.) Equivalent in combining or displacing power to two atoms of hydrogen; dyad.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bivalent F(ab')(2) also retains its insulin-like effects.
(2) It could be demonstrated that equimolar doses of the bivalent alpha,N-(epsilon,N-DNP-aminocaproyl-)-epsilon,N-DNP-L-lysine and the multivalent dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin were equally effective in eliciting reactions in skin sites provided that a high affinity antibody was used for sensitization.
(3) The function of the other bivalent cations is unknown.
(4) We interpret these experiments in terms of a theory of equilibrium binding of bivalent haptens to cell surface antibody that is presented in the previous paper.
(5) Bivalent cations (Ca2+, UO2(2+) or Zn2+) in the subphase at pH 5.6 significantly modified the behaviour of mixed monolayers of fusogenic lipids with phospholipids; there was a parallel perturbing effect of fusogenic lipids on interactions between monolayers of phospholipids and bivalent cations.
(6) In continuation of the research on male human meiosis within the study of pachytene bivalents, results from the analysis of 125 cells are presented.
(7) These oocytes contain 6 distinct bivalent chromosomes in diakinesis.
(8) In meiotic prophase of spermatocytes, chromosomes 2 and 3 form pachytene-diplotene bivalents whose arms may be associated by chiasmata in postdiplotene stages, but the X, Y and fourth chromosomes participate in a complex multivalent.
(9) Experiments indicated that complement deposition altered functionally bivalent IgG3 antibody in the immune complex into a univalent one.
(10) Low melittin concentrations (1-2 mcM) increased in several times the rate of H+, K+, Na+ ions and Tris transport, in a lesser degree--bivalent ions and Cl- transport and did not affect the permeability for succrose.
(11) The first two opioid peptide bivalent ligands with different spacer lengths containing different numbers of hydroxyl groups, (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-)2 (Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-NH-CH2-CHOH-CHOH-)2, were synthesized and their binding to mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors was characterized.
(12) The bivalent vaccine was completely attenuated for children.
(13) Bivalent cations such as Mg2+ and Zn2+ differentially affect their binding to oligonucleotides which contain the HIV-enhancer domain.
(14) The purified enzyme showed a pH optimum 8.5 (Tris-HCl buffer) and required bivalent cations for catalysis.
(15) A method of radioimmunoscintigraphy using bivalent "Janus" haptens with an apparent enhanced affinity ("avidity") for the antibody is described.
(16) Two monovalent CD3 antibodies with mixed heavy chain isotypes were very poor in lysis but, in contrast, a monovalent antibody possessing two identical rat gamma 2b heavy chains but two non-identical light chains was found to be more lytic with human complement than the parental bivalent CD3 antibody.
(17) It is concluded that reactive oxygen species, especially hydroxy radical, play a significant role on renal injury in bivalent hapten immune complex glomerulonephritis.
(18) Dissociation of the X-Y chromosome bivalent in diakinesis-metaphase I spermatocytes of adult mice was significantly more frequent in the CBA strain (29%) than in C57, KP, or KE strains (7-11%).
(19) It is suggested that bivalent ligand binding is required as a signal to elicit chemotactic locomotion.
(20) Results included the following: (1) lymphocyte stimulation responses to PHA and SPL were generally depressed in the CA patients versus controls; (2) incubation with indomethacin produced bivalent effects in both controls and CA patients, depending on the concentration of indomethacin and lymphocyte stimulant; incubation with optimum concentrations of indomethacin generally produced augmented responses in both study groups whereas high concentrations of indomethacin were suppressive; (3) the immune potentiating effects were not observed in older patients with advanced disease; and (4) removal of adherent leukocytes (mainly monocytes) also restored depressed lymphocyte responses.
Tetravalent
Definition:
(a.) Having a valence of four; tetratomic; quadrivalent.
Example Sentences:
(1) The oxidative properties of Vv can be used in the photocolorimetric determination of those reducers which give no other reactions with vanadium ions-penta and tetravalent.
(2) (which gives different products) but is attributed to an oxidizing intermediate resulting from the two electron oxidation of Fe2+ to a peroxo complex, or a derivative of tetravalent iron.
(3) The retention of the tetravalent and pentavalent vanadium forms was also investigated 1 d after oral administration.
(4) Two different tetravalent polysaccharide vaccines against group A, C, Y, and W135 meningococci were given to 118 infants aged 6 to 23 months; the same vaccines were administered in a second dose 12 months later to those infants aged 6 to 11 months at first vaccination.
(5) The cytostatic and cytocidal effects of a newly synthesized tetravalent platinum drug (CBDCA-ox) on two experimental ascites tumors as well as on normal tissues of the mouse were investigated.
(6) The data suggest that aldehydes formed during the process of lipid peroxidation induced by tetravalent vanadium react with the proteins in LDL to form fluorescent chromolipids and that the oxidative process originates within the hydrophobic domain of LDL.
(7) For a model experiment, artificial phospholipid membranes have been used to study the effect of uni-, di-, tri- and tetravalent cations on the adhesion process.
(8) Succinylated-Con A (bivalent) binds to the same receptors as native Con A (tetravalent) but does not elicit lamellipodium extension unless crosslinked with anti-Con A IgG.
(9) The effects of tetravalent conconavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the intracellular production of superoxide anion (O-2) and its release into cell exterior of peritoneal macrophages were observed.
(10) We conducted a prospective randomized double blind study to determine: (1) the safety and immunogenicity of live oral tetravalent human-rhesus rotavirus reassortant vaccine in neonates; and (2) whether a second dose at the age of 6 to 8 weeks enhances the immunogenicity.
(11) Opsonic and bactericidal functions of serum were examined in the half-brother after immunization with tetravalent meningococcal vaccine.
(12) Conformational alterations induced in DNA by the binding of various bivalent and tetravalent platinum complexes were characterized by means of differential pulse polarography and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
(13) The binding of tetravalent concanavalin A to the surface glycoproteins of macrophages caused a marked increase in the rate of oxygen consumption due to the activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt.
(14) It is shown that the process of DNA condensation becomes spontaneous in the presence of divalent cations in methanol, and in the presence of tri- or tetravalent cations in water media.
(15) Such prevalence is lower than the one rated in the civil population, demonstrating the major importance of vector control to limit spreading of such an epidemic as a tetravalent vaccine is not yet available.
(16) Anti-CR2 antibody HB5, tetravalent P13, and P28 conjugated to BSA, enhanced the ability of F(ab')2 fragments of the IgG fraction of goat anti-human mu antibody to increase human B cell [Ca2+]i.
(17) This results suggest a possible positive influence of tetravalent vanadium on the stability of cell membranes.
(18) Also hemotoxicity of this tetravalent drug was markedly lower than that of CBDCA.
(19) While the stimulatory effect of vanadate, an anion of pentavalent vanadium, on adenylate cyclase (AC) has been repeatedly demonstrated in various tissues only a few studies have been hitherto devoted to the effect of vanadyl, a cation of tetravalent vanadium, but these have provided contradictory results.
(20) PFRAP results reported here show that: (a) most clustered AChR (approximately 86%) are rotationally immobile within a time scale of at least several seconds; and (b) most nonclustered AChR (approximately 76%) are rotationally mobile with characteristic times ranging from less than 50 ms to 0.1 s. External cross-linking with the tetravalent lectin concanavalin A immobilizes many nonclustered AChR.