(n.) A mollusk having a shell consisting of two lateral plates or valves joined together by an elastic ligament at the hinge, which is usually strengthened by prominences called teeth. The shell is closed by the contraction of two transverse muscles attached to the inner surface, as in the clam, -- or by one, as in the oyster. See Mollusca.
(n.) A pericarp in which the seed case opens or splits into two parts or valves.
(a.) Having two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oyster and certain seed vessels.
Example Sentences:
(1) Start your exploring at Bearreraig Bay, where, if you are lucky, you may find belemnites, ammonites and bivalves.
(2) To compare biochemical differences between bivalves with and without endosymbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria, specimens of Solemya velum, a bivalve species known to contain bacterial endosymbionts, and the symbiont-free soft-shelled clam Mya arenaria, were collected from the same subtidal reducing sediments during October and November 1988.
(3) We have demonstrated that M. edulis, a marine bivalve mollusc, reacts to the vertebrate monokines interleukin-1, -6 and TNF.
(4) Total neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids were prepared from whole tissues of the sea-water bivalve, Meretrix lusoria, and the former preparation was further fractionated into subgroups by silicic acid column chromatography.
(5) The development of microparticulate food particles for marine suspension-feeders is discussed with respect to the difficulties of nutrient delivery in the aquatic environment and to feeding and digestion in crustacea and bivalve molluscs.
(6) Attempts to introduce infectious or foreign material into oysters and other bivalve mollusks usually involve force or trauma because of immediate, prolonged adduction of the tightly closing valves.
(7) This observation, together with the finding that the oyster shell has a strong affinity for virus, suggests that surface properties, rather than size, are the principal factors governing the accumulation of viruses by filter-feeding marine bivalves.
(8) Chromatin organization in the sperm of the bivalve mollusks results from the interaction between a discrete number of protamine-like proteins (PL) and DNA.
(9) There was the doll's house-sized two-pronged fork, and the bivalves themselves, pale and ivory against the silvered shell.
(10) Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus of fish, infectious bursal disease virus of chickens, Tellina virus and oyster virus of bivalve molluscs, and drosophila X virus of Drosophila melanogaster are naked icosahedral viruses with an electron microscopic diameter of 58 to 60 nm.
(11) The control measures consisted of the prohibition of the harvest and sale of all bivalve mollusks as well as a public warning to avoid the consumption of such shellfish.
(12) The ultrastructural morphology of peripheral neurons and associated structures in the bivalve mollusc.
(13) In 6 male baboons, the left kidney was bivalved and repaired using a fibrin adhesive (group A) or conventional suturing (group B).
(14) There are various types of photoproteins: the photoproteins of coelenterates, ctenophores and radiolarians require Ca2+ to trigger their luminescence; the photoproteins of the bivalve Pholas and of the scale worm appear to involve superoxide radicals and O2 in their light-emitting reactions; the photoprotein of euphausiid shrimps emits light only in the presence of a special fluorescent compound; the photoprotein of the millipede Luminodesmus, the only known example of terrestrial origin, requires ATP and Mg2+ to emit light.
(15) Most progress is being made in relation to lethal blood mutant neoplasms in Drosophila, leukaemias of farmed salmonids among the fishes, and among shellfish, the hemic sarcomas of bivalves.
(16) Distribution of MlOse4Cer and MlXOse5Cer in various bivalve and snail glycolipid extracts were screened in thin-layer immunobinding assays by using this purified specific antibody.
(17) In the haemolymph of the Tridacnid bivalve clams anti-galactans occur which do not have only glycosubstance precipitating and cell agglutinating properties, but also show mitogenic activity with respect to the blast transformation of human peripheral lymphocytes.
(18) The pericardial glands of three bivalve molluscs are composed of convoluted epithelium that appears as pouches on the auricles of Mytilus and as tubules in the connective tissue at the anterior-lateral sides of the pericardial cavity of Mercenaria and Anodonta.
(19) Four biotypes and five antigenic types of bacteria, pathogenic for the larvae of five species of bivalve mollusks, were isolated and described in some detail.
(20) Laboratory toxicity tests performed on the bivalve Cerastoderma edule submitted to sublethal concentrations of paper mill effluent revealed significant decreases of adenylate energy charge (AEC), and changes in the total adenylate pool were observed in a 24-hr period even for the lowest concentration of pollutant tested.
Pericarp
Definition:
(n.) The ripened ovary; the walls of the fruit. See Illusts. of Capsule, Drupe, and Legume.
Example Sentences:
(1) A new toxic neoanisatin-derivative (1) was isolated from the pericarps of Illicium majus.
(2) We show that P is required for accumulation in the pericarp of transcripts of two genes (A1 and C2) encoding enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis--genes also regulated by C1 in the aleurone.
(3) Byssinosis, COPD, cotton fever and cotton pneumoconiosis may be different types of responses due to the different duration of exposure, the different parts of bronchial tree (upper respiratory tract, small airway, and respiratory part) where deposition occurs, and the different components of cotton dust (broken cotton fibers, bracts, pericarps, bacteria, and fungi).
(4) The extracts obtained from root, stem, leaf and fruit pericarps of Glaucium flavum showed antibacterial activity in an in vitro assay.
(5) Cytokinin, [8-14C]Benzylaminopurine, metabolism in tomato pericarp was followed during a 3 h period utilizing thin layer chromatography and visualization by fluorography.
(6) After 10 d, concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in caecal fluid were significantly different between groups and fell in the order: aleurone greater than wheat bran greater than pericarp-seed coat greater than cellulose.
(7) The maize P gene is required for the production of red phlobaphene pigments in the pericarp and cob.
(8) Southern analysis of DNA prepared from the pericarp tissue demonstrates that the deletions can occur premeiotically, in the somatic cells during development of the pericarp.
(9) From pericarps of Rosa davurica (Rosaceae), a traditional Chinese medicine, eight known tetracyclic triterpene acids, three known flavonoids, ethyl beta-fructopyranoside and methyl 3-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-gallate were isolated.
(10) orange pericarp (orp) is a seedling lethal mutant of maize caused by mutations in the duplicate unlinked recessive loci orp1 and orp2.
(11) In testa-pericarp tissue of mutants ant18-159, ant18-162 and ant18-164, wild-type levels of steady state mRNA for dihydroflavonol reductase have been measured, while mRNA for this enzyme is not transcribed in mutant ant18-161.
(12) Examination of the gross morphologies of the dusts revealed that, except for corn, each dust contained either husk or pericarp (seed coat in the case of flax) fragments in addition to respirable particles.
(13) The behavior of corn pericarp generally was similar to that of oat hulls.
(14) The P-vv allele, which specifies variegated pericarp and cob, contains an insertion of the transposable element Ac in the P gene.
(15) A variety of phloroglucinol derivatives isolated from the pericarps of Mallotus japonicus were assessed for growth inhibiting activity against human larynx (HEp-2) and lung (PC-13) carcinoma cells as well as mouse B16 melanoma, leukemia P388, and L5178Y cells.
(16) Infection of developing corn kernels may occur through the silks, through holes and fissures in the pericarp or at points where the pericarp is torn by the emerging seedling, and as a result of systemic infection of the corn plant by F. moniliforme.
(17) Though both general (gca) and specific combining ability (sca) variances contributed significantly for these traits, the contribution of sca variance was more prominent for titratable acidity, total soluble solids and ascorbic acid content, while for pericarp thickness gca variance was more important.
(18) These data demonstrate that hardness of both fruit pericarp and seed may play a significant role in food choice among sympatric vertebrates.
(19) We report the partial purification (400-fold) of ACC synthase from wounded pink tomato pericarp.
(20) In maturing seeds, the EP2 gene is expressed in the outer epidermis of the integument, the seed coat, and the pericarp epidermis, as well as transiently in between both mericarps.