(n.) A bag or sac in animals, which serves as the receptacle of some fluid; as, the urinary bladder; the gall bladder; -- applied especially to the urinary bladder, either within the animal, or when taken out and inflated with air.
(n.) Any vesicle or blister, especially if filled with air, or a thin, watery fluid.
(n.) A distended, membranaceous pericarp.
(n.) Anything inflated, empty, or unsound.
(v. t.) To swell out like a bladder with air; to inflate.
(v. t.) To put up in bladders; as, bladdered lard.
Example Sentences:
(1) administration of the potent short-acting opioid, fentanyl, elicited inhibition of rhythmic spontaneous reflex increases in vesical pressure (VP) evoked by urinary bladder distension.
(2) Currently, photodynamic therapy is under FDA-approved clinical investigational trials in the treatment of tumors of the skin, bronchus, esophagus, bladder, head and neck, and of gynecologic and ocular tumors.
(3) The risk of recurrence and progression in 170 patients presenting with pTa urothelial tumours of the bladder has been estimated so that follow-up can be rationalised.
(4) High radioactivities were observed in the digestive organs, mesenteric lymphnodes, liver, pancreas, urinary bladder, fat tissue, kidney and spleen after oral administration to rats.
(5) There was no correlation between disturbed gastric clearance, impaired gall bladder contraction, and prolonged colonic transit time in the patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy nor was there a correlation between any disturbed motor function and age or duration of diabetes.
(6) These data, compared with literature findings, support the idea that intratumoral BCG instillation of bladder cancer permits a longer disease-free period than other therapeutical approaches.
(7) This is a report concerning a unique combination of Alzheimer's disease with the following refluxes: buccosalivary, gastroesophageal, vesicoureteral, urethroprostatic and urethrovesicular, along with neurogenic bowel and neuropathic bladder.
(8) Stimulation with these electrodes were effective for inducing voiding with little residual volume after the recovery of bladder reflexes, 3 weeks after experimental spinal cord injury in the dog.
(9) Tiropramide remarkably increased cAMP level but it had no effect on cGMP level in the bladder at the lower concentrations.
(10) The presence of an inverse correlation between certain tryptophan metabolites, shown previously to be bladder carcinogens, and the N-nitrosamine content, especially after loading, was interpreted in view of the possible conversion of some tryptophan metabolites into N-nitrosamines either under endovesical conditions or during the execution of the colorimetric determination of these compounds.
(11) There were 13 patients with bladder exstrophy and 2 with incontinent epispadias.
(12) haematobium and is a complication of bilharziasis of the bladder and intestine.
(13) Cloacal exstrophy, centered on the maldevelopment of the primitive streak mesoderm and cloacal membrane, results in bladder and intestinal exstrophy, omphalocele, gender confusion, and hindgut deformity.
(14) NH4Cl reduced the promoting activity of SA in urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
(15) In 290 patients with untreated carcinoma of the bladder the deoxyribonucleic acid properties, as measured by flow cytometry, of 3 random mucosal biopsies were studied and compared to those of the exophytic tumors.
(16) We report on the clinical studies of bladder tumours carried out at the centre for oncology in the Aarhus area and describe the experience and results of the past three decades.
(17) Incubation of sensitized bladder tissue with indomethacin led to an increased force and duration of the contraction while incubation with nordihydroguaiaretic acid combined with pyrilamine reduced histamine release and abolished the contraction.
(18) During sixty-six months, 145 Kock pouches were constructed: 79 for continent cutaneous diversion (44 men, 35 women), 54 bladder replacements by men, 12 ileo-rectal diversions (10 women, 2 men).
(19) Fifteen SCI patients underwent a total of 224 ultrasonic bladder volume determinations and 57 urethral catheterizations.
(20) Bladder capacity was increased and filling pressure reduced during treatment.
Diaphragm
Definition:
(n.) A dividing membrane or thin partition, commonly with an opening through it.
(n.) The muscular and tendinous partition separating the cavity of the chest from that of the abdomen; the midriff.
(n.) A calcareous plate which divides the cavity of certain shells into two parts.
(n.) A plate with an opening, which is generally circular, used in instruments to cut off marginal portions of a beam of light, as at the focus of a telescope.
(n.) A partition in any compartment, for various purposes.
Example Sentences:
(1) These results indicate that diaphragmed fenestrae are inducible structures, and provide an opportunity to study them in vitro.
(2) We conclude that, whereas an identical protocol of acute ND had no significant effects on diaphragm muscle structure and function in adult rats, adolescent animals exhibit significantly less nutritional reserve.
(3) Incubation of I diaphragms with isoproterenol did not significantly increase the concentrations of AMP, IMP or inorganic phosphate, activators of phosphorylase beta activity, nor was there a decrease in ATP and glucose 6-phosphate content, allosteric inhibitors of phosphorylase beta activity.
(4) Respiratory muscle endurance at a given level of load was assessed from the time of exhaustion and from the time course of the change in the power spectrum (centroid frequency) of the diaphragm electromyogram (EMG).
(5) A compensator connected to the section consisting of the pump-main line-operating member and including a pneumatic resistance and a flaxid non-elastic container enables it in combination with the feedback to maintain through the volumetric displacement of the gas, or changing the pump diaphragm position, the stability of the gas volume in the pneumatic transmission element of the assisted circulation apparatus.
(6) However, we have observed cracks on the Dacron fibers, fiber fracture, fiber protrusion, and poor attachment to the diaphragm, which can cause potentially disastrous complications.
(7) In normal kidneys fixed by perfusion with tannic acid and glutaraldehyde, glomerular slit diaphragms have been reported to consist of highly ordered and isoporous substructures with a zipper-like configuration.
(8) Apart from the interposition of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm, no other pathological changes were found.
(9) Focus in this discussion is on the following: 1) female sterilization -- laparotomy, minilaparotomy, and colpotomy; endoscopic sterilization techniques; transcervical approaches to female sterilization; systemic nonsurgical female sterilization; and reversible techniques of female sterilization; 2) abortion -- pregnancy testing, long-term effects; and 3) systemic contraceptives -- steroidal contraception; locally active methods; vaginal foams, creams, and jellies; the diaphragm and other intravaginal barriers; IUDs; and periodic abstine nce.
(10) During the period of 1959 to 1975 34 patients were operated at the Chirurgische Universitatsklinik Koln-Lindenthal because of lesions of the diaphragm.
(11) Neutral dextran clearances for radii greater than 30 A were elevated during the PEAK period, and, concurrently, there was extensive intraglomerular microthrombosis, obliteration of foot processes, and disruption of filtration slit diaphragms.
(12) Twenty-three percent employed no birth control and 27 percent used diaphragms, the majority either inconsistently or incorrectly.
(13) These results demonstrate that a difference in myosin heavy chain isoforms and oxidative capacity exists between the costal and crural regions of the rat diaphragm.
(14) Here a diaphragm support breath pattern was used in voice therapy for patients with vocal nodules, recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, and incomplete glottal closure.
(15) In hyperoxia, hypercapnic acidosis (pH 7.06-6.63) depressed diaphragm pHi and TT, whereas hypocapnic alkalosis (pH 7.82-8.15) increased pHi but did not significantly affect TT.
(16) We observed a 30-45% increase in DAG in rat gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles, 5-15 min after intramuscular or intravenous injections of 1-3 U of insulin per rat, doses which would be expected to activate insulin receptors more fully.
(17) Reductions in periesophageal EMG activity during expulsion were similar before and after cervical vagotomy, which abolishes reflex relaxation of the periesophageal diaphragm following esophageal distension.
(18) We studied 10 preterm infants who had no evidence of lung disease, investigating the effect of chest wall distortion on the volume displacement and work of the diaphragm.
(19) Two clear groups of patients were identified after measurements of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies and MEPP amplitude recorded in the diaphragm of mice injected with sera from those patients.
(20) The autonomous-visceral pathology observed in cases of cervical injuries can be attributed to the direct effect of the trauma upon the segmental innervation appratus of the heart, diaphragm, thorax.