What's the difference between blastula and blastule?
Blastula
Definition:
(n.) That stage in the development of the ovum in which the outer cells of the morula become more defined and form the blastoderm.
Example Sentences:
(1) The activity was maximum at the 16-32-cell stage and then decreased to a minimum at the mesenchyme blastula stage.
(2) In Lytechinus pictus, the protein cannot be detected in eggs or in embryos until the mesenchyme blastula stage.
(3) In the present study, ectodermal explants from Xenopus blastulae were shown to have high affinity binding sites for 125I-aFGF (Kd = 1.4 X 10(-10) M).
(4) In blastula nuclei, over half of the RNA synthesis is effected by polymerase II (inhibited by alpha-amanitin), the proportion remaining roughly constant with increasing ionic strength.
(5) The embryos incubated in vitro at the from blastula stage are characterized by the sharp activation of protein synthesis and the vegetal-animal gradient of protein synthesis, as well as in the control embryos; such embryos gastrulate and proceed to primary differentiation.
(6) Scanning electronmicroscopy examination showed that the morphology of NCH blastula cells, which were obtained from the combination of Tilapia nucleus and goldfish cytoplasm, manifested obviously abnormal features and the cells were arrested at different stages of cell disintegration.
(7) Measurements of absolute transcript abundance show that collagen mRNA is present in blastula primary mesenchyme cells at 600-700 copies per cell and at about fourfold lower amounts in other mesenchyme cells.
(8) beta-Catenin, recognized by an anti-arm antibody, is also present in the fertilized egg and in blastula-stage embryos.
(9) The tandemly repeated genes were expressed at a higher rate in blastula than in gastrula stage relative to the single-copy gene, when the two genes were injected into sea urchin zygotes.
(10) As a result, there is a loss of the 'compacted' epithelial surface of the blastula, an inability to close a wounded surface and defective gastrulation.
(11) This aggregation is prevented by Fab fragments obtained by immunization with purified membranes from blastula embryos.
(12) In S. purpuratus, the Hbox1 gene product probably is not involved in initial specification of cell fate, as this message does not achieve a significant fraction of its peak abundance until almost hatching blastula stage, well after the time aboral ectoderm cells have initiated a tissue-specific program of gene expression.
(13) First, using eggs at the blastula stage, the proper concentration of cadmium to which the eggs should be exposed was estimated.
(14) Actinomycin D is excluded from unfertilized eggs and developing embryos of the sea urchin Arbacia punctulata until the blastula hatches.
(15) We are investigating the mechanism by which animal cells of an amphibian blastula are induced to differentiate as muscle after contact with blastula vegetal cells.
(16) By the early blastula stage, most of the maternal tubulin sequences were associated with polysomes.
(17) The dynamics of protein synthesis in the loach embryos has been studied by means of autoradiography at the stages of cleavage, blastula and gastrula.
(18) The same material added to dissociated blastula cells, or to embryos at the blastula stage, stimulates skeleton formation and pigment cell differentiation.
(19) New embryonic rRNA transcripts are first detectable at the very early blastula stage.
(20) The nucleus-like structure was partitioned into blastomeres during cleavage through a process of nuclear fission, and was maintained in a group of extraordinarily large blastomeres until the blastula stage.
Blastule
Definition:
(n.) Same as Blastula.
Example Sentences:
(1) Programmed cell death occurs in the inner cell mass during blastulation concomitant with the loss of its trophectodermal potential, and blastocele fluid kills malignant inner cell mass cells with trophectodermal potential (ECa 247) but spares those with embryonic potential (P19).
(2) In the presence of 1 mM hydroxyurea, fertilized eggs of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera, cleaved up to the 256-cell stage and decomposed before blastulation.
(3) The activity of tRNA synthesis during blastulation was shown to depend on gene dosage.
(4) No differences were detected between the controls and treated animals from any experimental group for fertilization, cleavage, and blastulation.
(5) When two-cell stage embryos were collected 48 hr after hCG and cultured for 66 hr, their blastulation rate was similar to that of embryos collected from mice 114 hr after hCG.
(6) There was a significant improvement in blastulation rate to fully expanded blastocysts in the embryos cultured in the amniotic fluid.
(7) Three parameters appeared to be important for embryo survival and implantation: the interval between ovulation and replacement of the thawed blastocysts, satisfactory embryonic development before freezing, and the stage of blastulation when cooling began.
(8) By the addition of chemicals to the culture medium such as L-Cysteine, L-Ascorbic acid, EDTA, DTPA or thiredoxine, blastulation rates could be increased overcoming blocking phenomenon.
(9) During blastulation, no regional differences in the intensity of nuclear and cytoplasmic protein synthesis were found.
(10) The sedimentation analysis has shown that the label is incorporated into the precursors and mature molecules of rRNA, beginning at least from the blastulation.
(11) However, the embryos were disintegrated before blastulation when hydroxyurea was removed after the 32-cell stage.
(12) Chromosomal DNA was isolated from rapidly dividing cells of Xenopus laevis embryos at blastulation, at gastrulation, and at the beginning of hatching.
(13) For all plasmids tested, a small fraction of microinjected circular molecules was replicated; however, the overall copy numbers of either free form I or form II molecules usually did not increase through blastulation.
(14) The loach blastoderms were isolated from the yolk during the periods of cleavage and blastulation (5--14.5 tau0) and incubated in various isotonic saline media which differed by the content of K+ and Na+.
(15) Investigations into blastulation, hatching from the zona pellucida and the use of DNA probes for typing embryos are described.
(16) This activity decreases during nuclear division desynchronization and drops sharply after the mitotic index fall upon blastulation.
(17) The radioactivity of salt-insoluble RNAs markedly increased at the beginning of blastulation and continued to grow, but less steeply, at the subsequent developmental stages.
(18) The storing of medium up to 425 days at 4 degrees C affected neither the HPLC profile nor its ability to support embryo growth (blastulation rates: fresh, 84%; stored 150 to 425 days, 77.7%).
(19) The experiments showed that in changes temperature have a particularly detrimental effect on the eggs prior to blastulation.
(20) Without glucose in the simple medium for the first 48 h of culture, more embryos blastulated (p less than 0.01) by Day 5.5 of culture (Day 6.5 of donor's estrous cycle) than embryos in the same medium with glucose present throughout.