What's the difference between blood and tophus?

Blood


Definition:

  • (n.) The fluid which circulates in the principal vascular system of animals, carrying nourishment to all parts of the body, and bringing away waste products to be excreted. See under Arterial.
  • (n.) Relationship by descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity; kinship.
  • (n.) Descent; lineage; especially, honorable birth; the highest royal lineage.
  • (n.) Descent from parents of recognized breed; excellence or purity of breed.
  • (n.) The fleshy nature of man.
  • (n.) The shedding of blood; the taking of life, murder; manslaughter; destruction.
  • (n.) A bloodthirsty or murderous disposition.
  • (n.) Temper of mind; disposition; state of the passions; -- as if the blood were the seat of emotions.
  • (n.) A man of fire or spirit; a fiery spark; a gay, showy man; a rake.
  • (n.) The juice of anything, especially if red.
  • (v. t.) To bleed.
  • (v. t.) To stain, smear or wet, with blood.
  • (v. t.) To give (hounds or soldiers) a first taste or sight of blood, as in hunting or war.
  • (v. t.) To heat the blood of; to exasperate.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
  • (2) On both days, blood was collected by jugular venepuncture at 10.30 h, and then again 2, 4, 6 and 24 h later.
  • (3) Circuit weight training does not exacerbate resting or exercise blood pressure and may have beneficial effects.
  • (4) There was a weak relation between AER and both systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
  • (5) Fecal occult blood was positive in 4 patients and fecal leukocytes were positive in one patient.
  • (6) Blood samples were analysed by mass spectroscopy and gas chromatography.
  • (7) We conclude that first-transit and blood-pool techniques are equally accurate methods for determining EF when the time-activity method of analysis is employed.
  • (8) At the early phase of the sensitization a T-cell response was seen in vitro, characterized by an increased spleen but no peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity to T-cell mitogens at the same time as increased reactivity to the sensitizing antigen was detected.
  • (9) With aging, the blood vessel wall becomes hyperreactive--presumably because of an augmented vasoconstrictor and a reduced vasodilator responsiveness.
  • (10) After 3 and 6 months, blood collected by cardiocentesis using ether anesthesia and then sacrificed to remove CNS and internal organs.
  • (11) The transport of potassium ions through membranes of red blood cells was examined in in bitro experiments using a CMF of 4500 oersted.
  • (12) Blood flow decreased immediately after skin expansion in areas over the tissue expander on days 0 and 1 and returned to baseline levels within 24 hours.
  • (13) Under blood preservation conditions the difference of the rates of ATP-production and -consumption is the most important factor for a high ATP-level over long periods.
  • (14) 10D1 mAb induced a substantial proliferation of peripheral blood T cells when cross-linked with goat anti-mouse Ig antibody.
  • (15) In addition to the changes associated with blood group A, we also found a decrease in sugar content, alterations in other antigens, and changes in the levels of several glycosyltransferases in cancerous tissues.
  • (16) Based on several previous studies, which demonstrated that sorbitol accumulation in human red blood cells (RBCs) was a function of ambient glucose concentrations, either in vitro or in vivo, our investigations were conducted to determine if RBC sorbitol accumulation would correlate with sorbitol accumulation in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats; the effect of sorbinil in reducing sorbitol levels in lens and nerve tissue of diabetic rats would be reflected by changes in RBC sorbitol; and sorbinil would reduce RBC sorbitol in diabetic man.
  • (17) These four antigens consisted of S of MNSs blood group, Lua of Lutheran blood group, and K and Kpa of Kell-Cellano blood group.
  • (18) Blood was collected from pups and dams to determine its caffeine concentration.
  • (19) However, after the cessation of this treatment Streptococcus viridans grew in her blood again.
  • (20) These findings suggest that clonidine transdermal disks lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients, but produce local skin lesions and general side effects.

Tophus


Definition:

  • (n.) One of the mineral concretions about the joints, and in other situations, occurring chiefly in gouty persons. They consist usually of urate of sodium; when occurring in the internal organs they are also composed of phosphate of calcium.
  • (n.) Calcareous tufa.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Seven-to-14-week-old pullets from this facility had multifocal renal tubular necrosis leading to interstitial fibrosis, tophus formation, and tubular dilation.
  • (2) A rare case of gouty tophus localized to the temporomandibular joint is reported on by which alimentary troubles were caused.
  • (3) After 1 month, the kidneys showed the previously described histologic features of urate-blockade nephropathy characterized by intratubular deposits, tubular injury, and an exudative response consisting of neutrophilic granulocytes with early tophus formation.
  • (4) The authors report a rare case of tophus situated in the optic nerve and coexisting with aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery.
  • (5) We describe an elderly woman presenting acutely with tophus formation mimicking infection, in whom diuretic therapy was responsible for her disease.
  • (6) Almost all the sites of tophus-like deposits of CPPD crystals and the degenerated matrix containing low concentrations of scattered CPPD crystals stained strongly with Sudan III.
  • (7) In the gout tophus, macrophage migration appears to be at a relatively low level and effectively terminates once these cells have been recruited into the corona.
  • (8) Tophus formation at the temporomandibular joint with extension into the fossa infratemporalis has been mentioned only three times in the world literature.
  • (9) A case of extradural gouty tophus in the lumbar region in a teen-age girl is presented as an addition to the differential diagnosis of erosive lesions of the spinal canal.
  • (10) Both tophus-derived and synthetic crystals appeared to be weak hemolytic agents.
  • (11) Endoscopic biopsy revealed a tophus of the true vocal cord with characteristic birefringent crystalline deposits and giant cell granuloma.
  • (12) Monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) crystals derived from a tophus surgically removed from patients suffering from gout and MSUM prepared from a supersaturated solution of sodium urate were studied and compared with respect to their ability to: (1) stimulate chemiluminescence (CL) production by human polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells, (2) induce hemolysis of the human red blood cells and (3) induce inflammation when injected in the rat paw and knee joint.
  • (13) -In the present paper, the authors report on the extraordinary location of an urate tophus in the fossa infratemporalis - in this case, there was even destruction of the middle base of the skull - which had been misinterpreted for years, having been diagnosed as a primary disease of the parotid gland.
  • (14) A burn precipitated one bulla, showing that local tissue injury can be a factor in tophus localization.
  • (15) Subcutaneous cholesterol crystal deposition with tophus formation is extremely rare and has been described in a patient with scleroderma and calcinosis cutis.
  • (16) The findings suggest that acini of macrophages are formed and that active cellular transport of urate from the interstitial fluid into the central zones of these structures accounts for the focal nature of crystallization within the tophus.
  • (17) A typical gouty tophus with birefringent, dichroic, needle shaped crystals was found in a resected calcified aortic valve on routine histological examination.
  • (18) Fresh tophaceous material from a patient with gout contained significant levels of TNF alpha and cells cultured from the tophus produced TNF alpha in vitro.
  • (19) Evidence of an axial skeletal tophus causing an irritative radiculopathy via mass effect is presented.
  • (20) Each of those formulations of a pathogenetic role for crystals may be true in a given case, analogous to the etiology of primary and secondary forms of hyperuricemia and to sodium urate crystal deposition coexistent with osteoarthritis (tophus formation in Heberden's nodes).

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