(n.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone.
(n.) One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body.
(n.) Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
(n.) Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music.
(n.) Dice.
(n.) Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset.
(n.) Fig.: The framework of anything.
(v. t.) To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery.
(v. t.) To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays.
(v. t.) To fertilize with bone.
(v. t.) To steal; to take possession of.
(v. t.) To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is concluded that during exposure to simulated microgravity early signs of osteoporosis occur in the tibial spongiosa and that changes in the spongy matter of tubular bones and vertebrae are similar and systemic.
(2) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
(3) This bone could not be degraded by human monocytes in vitro as well as control bone (only 54% of control; P less than 0.003).
(4) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(5) Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone density.
(6) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(7) We have addressed the effect of late intensification with autologous bone marrow transplantation on SCLC through a randomized clinical trial.
(8) Our results indicate that increasing the delay for more than 8 days following irradiation and TCD syngeneic BMT leads to a rapid loss of the ability to achieve alloengraftment by non-TCD allogeneic bone marrow.
(9) Decreased MU stops additions of bone by modeling and increases removal of bone next to marrow by remodeling.
(10) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(11) The fibrous matrix and cartilage formed within the nonunion site transformed to osteoid and bone with increased vascularity.
(12) Periosteal chondroma is an uncommon benign cartilagenous lesion, and its importance lies primarily in its characteristic radiographic and pathologic appearance which should be of assistance in the differential diagnosis of eccentric lesions of bones.
(13) The compressive strength of bone is proportional to the square of the apparent density and to the strain rate raised to the 0.06 power.
(14) Furthermore echography revealed a collateral subperiosteal edema and a moderate thickening of extraocular muscles and bone periostitis, a massive swelling of muscles and bone defects in subperiosteal abscesses as well as encapsulated abscesses of the orbit and a concomitant retrobulbar neuritis in orbital cellulitis.
(15) Survival was independent of the type of clinical presentation and protocol employed but was correlated with the stage (P less than 0.0005), symptoms (P less than 0.025), bulky disease (P less than 0.025) and bone marrow involvement (P less than 0.025).
(16) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(17) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(18) According to the finite element analysis, the design bases of fixed restorations applied in the teeth accompanied with the absorption of the alveolar bone were preferred.
(19) At consolidation, the distraction area was composed of lamellar trabecular and partly woven bone.
(20) Periodontal disease activity is defined clinically by progressive loss of probing attachment and radiographically by progressive loss of alveolar bone.
Chitin
Definition:
(n.) A white amorphous horny substance forming the harder part of the outer integument of insects, crustacea, and various other invertebrates; entomolin.
Example Sentences:
(1) The effect of O-(carboxymethyl)chitins (CM-chitins) on the activation of mouse-peritoneal macrophages in vivo and their mitogenic activity on mouse spleen-cells were investigated.
(2) The pH activity profile, cofactor requirements, and kinetic parameters of the endogenously activated chitin synthase were identical to those of the trypsin-activated enzyme in protoplast membranes.
(3) Results obtained from isotopic dilution experiments are consistent with the operation of the chitin pathway as it has been established in fungal preparations.
(4) The significance of these results is discussed in connection with the mechanism of chitin synthesis and cell wall morphogenesis in S. cerevisiae.
(5) Here we show that the nodulation genes of this bacterium determine the production of a large family of Nod-factors which are N-acylated chitin pentamers carrying a variety of substituents.
(6) In a permeabilized-cell assay, Oct-Gln-UPOC had a 10-fold-lower inhibitory activity toward chitin synthetase than did the Oct-Lys-UPOC analog.
(7) The preparation yielded an apparent Km of 3.9 mg chitin ml-1 [17.6 mM-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) equivalents] and V of 2.3 nmol GlcNAc formed min-1 (mg protein)-1.
(8) In the case of the [14C]chitin synthesized, which does not show inhibition by alpha factor, the lowering of the specific activity of the precursor is exactly compensated for by an increased rate of chitin synthesis caused by alpha factor.
(9) Chitin derivatives are also used in things like contact lens, surgical stitches and artificial skin.
(10) The inhibitor was effective against crude or purified (chitosome) preparations of chitin synthetase.
(11) After 3 h incubation with tioconazole, 1 microgram ml-1, the incorporation of the radiolabelled glucose into chitin of intact cells and regenerating spheroplasts of C. albicans was inhibited by 43% and 30%, respectively.
(12) Electron microscopy has revealed that chitin from a representative selection of insect orders (plus one crustacean and one arachnid) is localized in crystallites about 2.8 nm across.
(13) When dividing cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were exposed to the polysaccharide-binding dye Congo red, the walls and septa became sites of chitin accumulation.
(14) Partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin (glycol chitin) was used as a substrate in the purification and characterization of this enzyme.
(15) In view of the small molecular size and high lipid solubility of methyl mercury and the lipophilic properties of the chitin-protein exoskeleton of the lobster, it is likely that significant uptake directly from the water as well as storage of absorbed methyl mercury occurred in the tail region.
(16) This confirmed that S. pombe cell wall is devoid of chitin.
(17) Adjuvant activity of chitin derivatives was examined in guinea-pigs and mice.
(18) DFB inhibits chitin synthesis and growth of imaginal epidermis in insects and suppresses melanogenesis and uptake of nucleosides in mouse melanoma cells, but the means of cell growth regulation and the role of metabolism of DFB in such regulation have not been established.
(19) These microfibers have a diameter of 80 A and may consist of chitin crystallites surrounded by a matrix coat.
(20) Chemical analysis of adult females of Onchocerca gibsoni gave estimated chitin contents of 200-500 micrograms (g dry weight)-1.