(n.) The hard, calcified tissue of the skeleton of vertebrate animals, consisting very largely of calcic carbonate, calcic phosphate, and gelatine; as, blood and bone.
(n.) One of the pieces or parts of an animal skeleton; as, a rib or a thigh bone; a bone of the arm or leg; also, any fragment of bony substance. (pl.) The frame or skeleton of the body.
(n.) Anything made of bone, as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
(n.) Two or four pieces of bone held between the fingers and struck together to make a kind of music.
(n.) Dice.
(n.) Whalebone; hence, a piece of whalebone or of steel for a corset.
(n.) Fig.: The framework of anything.
(v. t.) To withdraw bones from the flesh of, as in cookery.
(v. t.) To put whalebone into; as, to bone stays.
(v. t.) To fertilize with bone.
(v. t.) To steal; to take possession of.
(v. t.) To sight along an object or set of objects, to see if it or they be level or in line, as in carpentry, masonry, and surveying.
Example Sentences:
(1) It is concluded that during exposure to simulated microgravity early signs of osteoporosis occur in the tibial spongiosa and that changes in the spongy matter of tubular bones and vertebrae are similar and systemic.
(2) In conclusion, the efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis is geared mainly at enabling the surgeon to perform a wide radical debridement of infected and nonviable soft tissue and bone.
(3) This bone could not be degraded by human monocytes in vitro as well as control bone (only 54% of control; P less than 0.003).
(4) It is suggested that the Japanese may have lower trabecular bone mineral density than Caucasians but may also have a lower threshold for fracture of the vertebrae.
(5) Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone density.
(6) The half-life of 45Ca in the various calcium fractions of both types of bone was 72 hours in both the control and malnourished groups except the calcium complex portion of the long bone of the control group, which was about 100 hours.
(7) We have addressed the effect of late intensification with autologous bone marrow transplantation on SCLC through a randomized clinical trial.
(8) Our results indicate that increasing the delay for more than 8 days following irradiation and TCD syngeneic BMT leads to a rapid loss of the ability to achieve alloengraftment by non-TCD allogeneic bone marrow.
(9) Decreased MU stops additions of bone by modeling and increases removal of bone next to marrow by remodeling.
(10) Pokeweed mitogen-stimulated rat spleen cells were identified as a reliable source of rat burst-promoting activity (PBA), which permitted development of a reproducible assay for rat bone marrow erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E).
(11) The fibrous matrix and cartilage formed within the nonunion site transformed to osteoid and bone with increased vascularity.
(12) Periosteal chondroma is an uncommon benign cartilagenous lesion, and its importance lies primarily in its characteristic radiographic and pathologic appearance which should be of assistance in the differential diagnosis of eccentric lesions of bones.
(13) The compressive strength of bone is proportional to the square of the apparent density and to the strain rate raised to the 0.06 power.
(14) Furthermore echography revealed a collateral subperiosteal edema and a moderate thickening of extraocular muscles and bone periostitis, a massive swelling of muscles and bone defects in subperiosteal abscesses as well as encapsulated abscesses of the orbit and a concomitant retrobulbar neuritis in orbital cellulitis.
(15) Survival was independent of the type of clinical presentation and protocol employed but was correlated with the stage (P less than 0.0005), symptoms (P less than 0.025), bulky disease (P less than 0.025) and bone marrow involvement (P less than 0.025).
(16) There was however no difference in the cross-sectional studies and no significant deleterious effect detected of tobacco use on forearm bone mineral content.
(17) During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker.
(18) According to the finite element analysis, the design bases of fixed restorations applied in the teeth accompanied with the absorption of the alveolar bone were preferred.
(19) At consolidation, the distraction area was composed of lamellar trabecular and partly woven bone.
(20) Periodontal disease activity is defined clinically by progressive loss of probing attachment and radiographically by progressive loss of alveolar bone.
Collagen
Definition:
(n.) The chemical basis of ordinary connective tissue, as of tendons or sinews and of bone. On being boiled in water it becomes gelatin or glue.
Example Sentences:
(1) Collagen production of rapidly thawed ligaments was studied by proline incubation at 1 day, 9 days, or 6 weeks after freezing and was compared with that of contralateral fresh controls.
(2) The rate of accumulation of degraded LDL products was lower in collagen gel cultures, but the final levels achieved were the same in the two substrata.
(3) In the present study, the expression of type IV collagen associated with the basal membrane (BM) was studied histochemically (indirect immunoperoxidase-antiperoxidase) in cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) lesions (diagnosed using in situ DNA hybridization) of different grades.
(4) Both Types I and II collagen are important constituents of the affected tissues, and thus defective collagens are reasonable candidates for the primary abnormality in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
(5) Furthermore, overlap syndromes between the different autoimmune liver diseases as well as with other disorders including collagen disorders can be observed.
(6) When cultures were pulse labeled for 15 min and then incubated under chase conditions for 105 min, the amount of degraded collagen attained a value equal to approximately 20% of the amount synthesized during the labeling period; the data were fit with a simple exponential function that had a 40-min rise time and a 12-min lag time.
(7) At concentrations several hundredfold higher than the equivalents present in the minimum concentration of rat skin soluble collagen required for platelet aggregation, neither Hyl-Gal (at 29 muM) nor Hyl-Gal-Glc (at 18 muM) caused platelet aggregation or inhibited platelet aggregation by native collagen.
(8) However, cimetidine did not show any effect on the proliferation of collagenous fibers in the interstitial space of the mucosa.
(9) Electron microscopic observations of the masseter nerve in the aged cats revealed a disruption of the myelin sheaths and a pronounced increase in collagen fibers in the endoneurium and perineurium.
(10) The kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of type I, II and III collagens have been measured and are similar in magnitude to those for the tissue collagenases.
(11) Increased amounts of laminin in the basal epithelium of the cornea and of collagen type III in the stroma and subepithelial components of the stroma were observed.
(12) The formation of auto-antibodies directed against laminin and type IV collagen is probably caused by restricted polyclonal B cell stimulation, a well known feature of trypanosomiasis.
(13) We found that when neutrophils were allowed to settle into protein-coated surfaces the amount of O2- they generated varied with the nature of the protein: IgG greater than bovine serum albumin greater than plastic greater than gelatin greater than serum greater than collagen.
(14) Pathologic examination demonstrates calcifications in the dead collagen that makes up catgut suture.
(15) Human Caco-2 enterocytes were cultured on matrix proteins (collagen I, laminin, fibronectin) with growth factors (epidermal growth factor [EGF] and transforming growth factor-beta 1 [TGF-beta 1]) and the tyrosine kinase and prostaglandin inhibitors genistein and indomethacin.
(16) In other experiments, the cells incorporated [3H]lysine into hydroxylysine residues of cell-associated collagen and then 32P into phosphohydroxylysine residues.
(17) On the other hand, ultraviolet (320-nm) light, absorbed by 3-hydroxy-pyridinium cross-links which were rapidly photolyzed, partially dissociated polymeric collagen aggregates from bovine Achilles tendon after subsequent heating.
(18) The drug was found to exhibit an ulcerostatic effect, to change the levels of collagen, noncollagen proteins, glycosaminoglycan fractions, DNA and RNA.
(19) Both enzymes are capable of catalyzing the refolding of thermally denatured type III collagen.
(20) Dissociated cerebral hemisphere cells from 4- to 7-day-old chick embryos were cultured either on a collagen or a polylysine substrate in a serum-containing medium.