(n.) A white or gray crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors on porcelain, and as a soap. It occurs native in certain mineral springs, and is made from the boric acid of hot springs in Tuscany. It was originally obtained from a lake in Thibet, and was sent to Europe under the name of tincal. Borax is a pyroborate or tetraborate of sodium, Na2B4O7.10H2O.
Example Sentences:
(1) The relation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and abnormalities of chest radiographs to estimated exposures of borax dust has been investigated in a cross sectional study of 629 actively employed borax workers.
(2) In the borax zone the pH is increased compared with the pH of the mobile phase, and when omeprazole (a weak acid) is co-eluting in the borax zone its retention is affected.
(3) We found that in certain buffers, such as tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-hydrochloride, boric acid-borax, and N-hydroxyethyl piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid-sodium hydroxide, hemoglobins released from erythrocytes were easily precipitated by addition of Zn2+, thus resulting in a false inhibition of hemolysin by Zn2+ when hemolysis was assayed by measuring absorbance at 540 nm of released hemoglobins.
(4) Myelin staining was achieved with Harris' hematoxylin when sections were delipidized and were differentiated in either acid-formalin or borax-ferricyanide.
(5) Crude borax ore and kernite ore induced weak transformation that was not dose-dependent and was not reproducible in another experiment.
(6) Laboratory bioassays with Culicoides variipennis larvae from Borax Lake, CA, indicated an LC90 of 16.8 ppb for pyrethrins at 23 degrees C. A field test in a pond adjoining the lake reduced adult C. variipennis emergence greater than 99% for over 30 days after treatment at a rate of 131 ppb pyrethrins.
(7) In the first case we used Bathurin in combination with borax at a concentration of 1.3% for both substances.
(8) Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) adsorbed from sera onto colloidal silica could be completely eluted through the use of 0.25% sodium deoxycholate in 0.01 M borax, pH 9.3, at 56 degrees C. The HBSAg recovered in the eluate represented 100% of that present in the original serum, and it was contaminated by only trace amounts of serum proteins (in decreasing amounts: beta-lipoprotein, immunoglobulin G, albumin).
(9) The size of the zone varies with the concentration of borax in the sample injected.
(10) By using of dehydration borax as purification agent during melting alloy was illustrated.
(11) Microheterogeneity of human serum albumin was studied by isoelectric focussing in ampholines and the borax-borate buffer-mannite system within the pH range 4.0--6.0 and by fractional precipitation in 3 M KCl.
(12) Dibucaine was dispersed in the gel which was prepared by gelation of the konjac flour in a borax solution at 60 degrees.
(13) To overcome these deficiencies, 3 changes in the method were made: (1) the defatting step was modified to use sodium lauryl sulfate in combination with borax for better defatting; (2) 40% isopropanol was substituted for 60% ethanol as the aqueous phase for cleaner papers; and (3) mineral oil was substituted for n-heptane to improve hair recoveries.
(14) Borax dust appears to act as a simple respiratory irritant and perhaps causes small changes in the FEV1 among smokers who are heavily exposed.
(15) Amongst the traditional medicines, it was noticed that sodium tetraborate (borax) and alum reduced appreciably the fluid requirement in many cases of acute childhood diarrhoea.
(16) pills" (with borax, methanol and cocaine) were delivered freely at the chemist's shop.
(17) A method is described, which is based on mordantings with a silver nitrate solution then with a borax solution and on an physical development.
(18) Flocculation from a homogenate previously clarified by the use of borax is best suited for large-scale operation.
(19) During the course of investigation of two infants with seizure disorders it was discovered that both had been given large amounts of a preparation of borax and honey which resulted in chronic borate intoxication.
(20) DYBH-bait formulations with about 17 per cent borax are very attractive and have a good effectivity.
Enamel
Definition:
(v. t.) A variety of glass, used in ornament, to cover a surface, as of metal or pottery, and admitting of after decoration in color, or used itself for inlaying or application in varied colors.
(v. t.) A glassy, opaque bead obtained by the blowpipe.
(v. t.) That which is enameled; also, any smooth, glossy surface, resembling enamel, especially if variegated.
(v. t.) The intensely hard calcified tissue entering into the composition of teeth. It merely covers the exposed parts of the teeth of man, but in many animals is intermixed in various ways with the dentine and cement.
(v. t.) To lay enamel upon; to decorate with enamel whether inlaid or painted.
(v. t.) To variegate with colors as if with enamel.
(v. t.) To form a glossy surface like enamel upon; as, to enamel card paper; to enamel leather or cloth.
(v. t.) To disguise with cosmetics, as a woman's complexion.
(v. i.) To practice the art of enameling.
(a.) Relating to the art of enameling; as, enamel painting.
Example Sentences:
(1) A total of 555 caries lesions were registered on proximal surfaces, 49.1% being primary lesions in the enamel, 21.4% primary lesions into the dentin and 29.5% secondary lesions.
(2) These cells contained organelles characteristic of the maturation stage ameloblast and often extended to the enamel surface, suggesting a possible origin from the ameloblast layer.
(3) It was found that there is a significant difference in bond strengths between enamel and stainless steel with strength to enamel the greater.
(4) Enamel was exclusively present opposite well developed dentine.
(5) Data is available to support the early influences of enamel organ epithelium upon a responding mesenchyme in the determination of dental morphogenetic fields (Dryburg, 1967; Miller, 1969).
(6) To determine the influence of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) adsorption on the wettability and elemental surface composition of human enamel, with and without adsorbed salivary constituents, surface-free energies and elemental compositions were determined.
(7) The 12-fluted bur caused no clinically identifiable marks on the enamel surface.
(8) Unaltered surface enamel of extracted human teeth was subjected to tests of resistance to dissolution in 10 mM acetic acid at pH 4.0 and 10 mM EDTA at pH 7.4 in a miniature continuous flow system.
(9) Secondary structural features of bovine amelogenin, a hydrophobic protein of developing enamel implicated in ename mineralization, are derived using 2D NMR spectroscopy in solution and molecular mechanics-dynamics studies.
(10) Several functional properties of MG1, MG2, and PRG have been examined, including their presence in two-hour in vivo enamel pellicle, binding to synthetic hydroxyapatite, lubricating properties, and interactions with oral streptococci.
(11) A thorough dental prophylaxis before acid-etching of enamel is often recommended.
(12) Changes of mineral content in the approximal enamel of the teeth were determined in situ with quantitative bite-wing radiography.
(13) On the fourth day of culture, the pre-ameloblasts achieved terminal differentiation into secretory ameloblasts, and enamel and dentin had already been deposited.
(14) This resulted in greater uniformity of abrasion over the enamel surface within the biopsy window area and better operator handling characteristics.
(15) The 33,000 molecular weight protease was also active against enamel proteins.
(16) Significantly more remineralization was observed in enamel samples treated with the toothpaste containing 2,500 ppm F compared to that containing 1500 ppm F. This result is consistent with the outcome of a recent caries clinical trial testing the same toothpastes and finding enhanced anticaries efficacy from the higher fluoride level.
(17) This demineralization was similar to enamel acid etched with 50% phosphoric acid for 2 mn.
(18) The data show that the structure of inner and outer enamel layers differ between these two carnivore species and that the enamel structure of the cat was most similar to that described in humans.
(19) Maturing enamel overlaid by either ruffle-ended or smooth-ended maturation ameloblasts showed similar Ca and P concentrations.
(20) Although the crystallite widths were similar in both AI and normal enamel, the AI teeth showed areas where the crystallite order and continuity appeared disrupted.