(n.) A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Borneol is an organic drug having property to form eutectic mixture with salicylic acid.
(2) The aromatherapeutical use of commercial valerian root oil (Chinese origin) and of pure fragrance compounds--borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate (main constituent of the proved valerian root oil) and isobornyl acetate--as potentially drugs with sedative effects after inhalation was investigated in an animal experiment (mice).
(3) The identity of the major biosynthetic product as borneol was confirmed by chemical oxidation to camphor and crystallization of the derived oxime to constant specific radioactivity.
(4) With the preparation of borneol-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, the stability of the product was improved.
(5) Borneol (I) and isoborneol (II) in synthetic Bingpian are separated by means of dry-column chromatography (DCC).
(6) The results showed that the borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture can evidently increase the absorption rate of borneol and provided a method for manufacturing borneol preparation which can easily be absorbed transdermally.
(7) Sage (Salvia officinalis) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (+)-borneol to (+)-camphor, and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (-)-3-isothujone.
(8) Antithrombotic xinmaining were composed with Moschus, Calculus Bovis, Borneol, Radix Ligusticum, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Leech, etc.
(9) As the concept of odorant group plays an important role in the understanding of olfactory coding, an attempt was made to investigate in detail the group properties of a number of structurally and qualitatively related molecules: 1,8 cineole, DL-camphor, borneol, iso-borneol, adamantane, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol, 3,3,5-tri-methyl cyclohexanone, camphene, 1,1,2,2-tetra-bromoethane.
(10) The stereochemistry of the borneol was verified as the (-)-(1S,4S) isomer by oxidation to camphor, conversion to the corresponding ketal with D-(-)-2,3-butanediol, and separation of diastereoisomers by radio-gas-liquid chromatography.
(11) The pathway for the formation of (-)-(1S,4S)-camphor was therefore identical to that previously demonstrated for the (+)-(1R,4R) isomer, involving cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, hydrolysis of this intermediate to borneol, and oxidation of the alcohol to the ketone.
(12) Similarly, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (-)-borneol to (-)-camphor and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (+)-3-thujone.
(13) Analysis of the derived benzoates by mass spectrometry demonstrated each of the product borneols to possess an 18O enrichment essentially identical with that of the respective acyclic precursor.
(14) The most optimal concentration of borneol-walnut oil was 20% through clinical and laboratory observations.
(15) Due to its simple composition, significant therapeutic effects and nontoxic reactions, the borneol-walnut oil has been proved a promising external remedy for the treatment of purulent otitis media.
(16) We compared the transdermal absorption rate of borneol alone with that of borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture in hairless rats.
(17) In order to enhance the detection sensitivity of various glucuronic acid conjugates (phenol, menthol borneol, estrone and testosterone) in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the compounds were esterified with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin in the presence of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 in acetone.
(18) Camphane was hydroxylated to borneol and epiborneol, the latter predominating.
(19) A soluble enzyme preparation from immature leaves of this plant converts the acyclic precursor [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate to the bicyclic monoterpene alcohol borneol in the presence of MgCl2, and oxidizes a portion of the borneol to camphor in the presence of a pyridine nucleotide.
(20) 170 patients were treated with borneol-walnut oil of various concentrations, and the controls (108 patients) were treated with neomycin compound.
Ketone
Definition:
(n.) One of a large class of organic substances resembling the aldehydes, obtained by the distillation of certain salts of organic acids and consisting of carbonyl (CO) united with two hydrocarbon radicals. In general the ketones are colorless volatile liquids having a pungent ethereal odor.
Example Sentences:
(1) The enzyme was solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified approximately 480-fold by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on alanine methyl ketone-AH-Sepharose 4B.
(2) Urinalysis revealed a low pH, increased ketones and bilirubin excretion, dark yellowish change in color, the appearance of "leaflet-shaped" crystals and increased red blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment, increased water intake, decreased specific gravity and decreased sodium, potassium and chloride in the urine.
(3) The infusion of sodium acetoacetate resulted in a 10- to 15-fold increase in circulating concentrations of ketone bodies, which were similar in magnitude in normal subjects and diabetic patients.
(4) Results of repeated visual readings spread over three different color blocks for certain concentrations of glucose, ketone, and protein, whereas repeated instrumental readings were never spread greater than two color blocks.
(5) The plasma concentrations of alanine and proline as well as other amino acids increased as the blood ketone body ratio decreased.
(6) Trifluoromethyl ketone dipeptide analogues are good inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme.
(7) As a conclusion sec-butanol, probably through its metabolite methyl-ethyl-ketone, is the most potent inducer of microsomal cytochrome P-450 in liver and kidney while iso-butanol does not alter total cytochrome P-450.
(8) A model of increased microvascular permeability pulmonary edema was developed in chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep using perilla ketone (PK).
(9) Administration of different brain fuels--glucose, mannose, fructose, or the ketone beta-hydroxybutyrate--reduced hippocampal damage induced by coadministration of GCs and either of 2 different neurotoxins (kainic acid and 3-acetylpyridine).
(10) We report the effects of n-alkanols (n-butanol to n-octanol), methyl carboxylic esters (methyl propionate to methyl octanoate) and n-alkyl ketones (2-pentanone to 2-nonanone) on a fast reflex escape response to a mechanical stimulus in Gammarus.
(11) Examination of other potential inhibitors revealed a rank order of potency against calpain to be: peptidyl sulphonium methyl ketones > fluoromethyl ketones, diazomethyl ketones >> acyloxymethyl ketones, an order which differs sharply from that found for cathespin B.
(12) Epigalanthamine, a diastereomer of GAL, was 130-times less potent in vitro in its effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in erythrocytes than the parent compound, and it did not differ significantly from the ketone galanthaminone.
(13) Also, a significant correlation was found between the levels of urine glucose and ketones and the level of acyl carnitine.
(14) This is in contrast to fasting adult dogs, which maintain glucohomeostasis and show only slightly decreased insulin levels, normal glucagon levels and a moderate increase of plasma ketone bodies.
(15) The following processes are discussed in this article: enzyme-catalysed hydrolyses of carboxylic acid esters and amides, phosphate esters, nitriles and epoxides; esterification and inter-esterification reactions catalysed by enzymes; reduction of ketones to secondary alcohols using whole-cell systems or isolated dehydrogenases; oxidation of alicyclic and aromatic substrates using mono-oxygenases and dioxygenases in bacteria and fungi including enzyme-catalysed Baeyer-Villiger oxidations; aldol reactions, formation of optically active cyanohydrins and enzyme-catalysed acyloin type reactions.
(16) The paint base consisted primarily of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone.
(17) Ketonic bodies participate in the power supply of cortex functions of satisfied one-day pigs but their contribution to the nerve tissue power of fasting one-and five-day pigs is insignificant.
(18) Mechanism-based inhibition of myocardial cytosolic calcium-independent phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 was established by demonstrating: 1) time-dependent irreversible inactivation; 2) covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 to the purified phospholipase A2; 3) ablation of covalent binding of [3H]Compound 1 after chemical inactivation of phospholipase A2 enzymic activity; 4) identical inhibition of myocardial phospholipase A2 by Compound 1 in the absence or presence of nucleophilic scavengers; 5) Compound 1 is a substrate for myocardial calcium-independent phospholipase A2 resulting in the generation of the electrophilic alpha-bromomethyl ketone; 6) phospholipase A2 inhibition requires the in situ generation of the reactive electrophile (i.e.
(19) Inhibition by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone indicates the presence of serine and histidine residues in the active center, respectively.
(20) In addition, adrenal S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and blood ketone bodies were determined Sections of adrenals were evaluated by electron microscopy for histopathological changes.