(n.) A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Borneol is an organic drug having property to form eutectic mixture with salicylic acid.
(2) The aromatherapeutical use of commercial valerian root oil (Chinese origin) and of pure fragrance compounds--borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate (main constituent of the proved valerian root oil) and isobornyl acetate--as potentially drugs with sedative effects after inhalation was investigated in an animal experiment (mice).
(3) The identity of the major biosynthetic product as borneol was confirmed by chemical oxidation to camphor and crystallization of the derived oxime to constant specific radioactivity.
(4) With the preparation of borneol-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, the stability of the product was improved.
(5) Borneol (I) and isoborneol (II) in synthetic Bingpian are separated by means of dry-column chromatography (DCC).
(6) The results showed that the borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture can evidently increase the absorption rate of borneol and provided a method for manufacturing borneol preparation which can easily be absorbed transdermally.
(7) Sage (Salvia officinalis) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (+)-borneol to (+)-camphor, and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (-)-3-isothujone.
(8) Antithrombotic xinmaining were composed with Moschus, Calculus Bovis, Borneol, Radix Ligusticum, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Leech, etc.
(9) As the concept of odorant group plays an important role in the understanding of olfactory coding, an attempt was made to investigate in detail the group properties of a number of structurally and qualitatively related molecules: 1,8 cineole, DL-camphor, borneol, iso-borneol, adamantane, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol, 3,3,5-tri-methyl cyclohexanone, camphene, 1,1,2,2-tetra-bromoethane.
(10) The stereochemistry of the borneol was verified as the (-)-(1S,4S) isomer by oxidation to camphor, conversion to the corresponding ketal with D-(-)-2,3-butanediol, and separation of diastereoisomers by radio-gas-liquid chromatography.
(11) The pathway for the formation of (-)-(1S,4S)-camphor was therefore identical to that previously demonstrated for the (+)-(1R,4R) isomer, involving cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, hydrolysis of this intermediate to borneol, and oxidation of the alcohol to the ketone.
(12) Similarly, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (-)-borneol to (-)-camphor and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (+)-3-thujone.
(13) Analysis of the derived benzoates by mass spectrometry demonstrated each of the product borneols to possess an 18O enrichment essentially identical with that of the respective acyclic precursor.
(14) The most optimal concentration of borneol-walnut oil was 20% through clinical and laboratory observations.
(15) Due to its simple composition, significant therapeutic effects and nontoxic reactions, the borneol-walnut oil has been proved a promising external remedy for the treatment of purulent otitis media.
(16) We compared the transdermal absorption rate of borneol alone with that of borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture in hairless rats.
(17) In order to enhance the detection sensitivity of various glucuronic acid conjugates (phenol, menthol borneol, estrone and testosterone) in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the compounds were esterified with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin in the presence of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 in acetone.
(18) Camphane was hydroxylated to borneol and epiborneol, the latter predominating.
(19) A soluble enzyme preparation from immature leaves of this plant converts the acyclic precursor [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate to the bicyclic monoterpene alcohol borneol in the presence of MgCl2, and oxidizes a portion of the borneol to camphor in the presence of a pyridine nucleotide.
(20) 170 patients were treated with borneol-walnut oil of various concentrations, and the controls (108 patients) were treated with neomycin compound.
Oxidize
Definition:
(v. t.) To combine with oxygen, or subject to the action of oxygen, or of an oxidizing agent.
(v. t.) To combine with oxygen or with more oxygen; to add oxygen to; as, to oxidize nitrous acid so as to form nitric acid.
(v. t.) To remove hydrogen from (anything), as by the action of oxygen; as, to oxidize alcohol so as to form aldehyde.
(v. t.) To subject to the action of oxygen or of an oxidizing agent, so as to bring to a higher grade, as an -ous compound to an -ic compound; as, to oxidize mercurous chloride to mercuric chloride.
Example Sentences:
(1) Compound Z has the properties expected of an oxidized MPT precursor.
(2) PMNs could be primed for PMA-triggered oxidative burst by muramyl peptide molecules (MDP) and two of its adjuvant active nonpyrogenic derivatives.
(3) Arterial oxyhaemoglobin saturation (SaO2) was monitored continuously during normal labour in 33 healthy parturients receiving pethidine and nitrous oxide for analgesia.
(4) The stopped-flow technique was used to measure the rate constants for the reactions between the oxidized forms of peroxidase with luminol and the following substrates: p-iodophenol, p-bromophenol, p-clorophenol, o-iodophenol, m-iodophenol, luciferin, and 2-iodo-6-hydroxybenzothiazole.
(5) The results show that in TMO-treated animals the time to the onset of convulsions, the time to the onset of NADH oxidation-reduction cycles, and the survival time were significantly longer than in the control group.
(6) Nitrous oxide, 60% (P less than 0.025) and 80% (P less than 0.02), caused significant increases in release of beta-endorphin.
(7) Uptake could be supported either by substrate oxidation or by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and was inhibited in the former case by antimycin or cyanide, in the latter case by oligomycin, and in both cases by 2,4-dinitrophenol.
(8) Peripheral blood monocytes undergo an oxidative burst similar to that seen in neutrophils.
(9) Direct limiting effects of hypothermia on tissue O2 delivery and muscle oxidative metabolism as well as vasoconstriction and arteriovenous shunting associated with CPB procedures are likely to be involved in the above mentioned alterations of cell metabolism.
(10) EDRF is even more labile than prostacyclin, with a half-life of about 6 seconds, and it has recently been identified as nitric oxide.
(11) Both SAA and non-SAA enhanced ammonium excretion but only non-SAA enhanced organic anion excretion, an indicator of incomplete oxidation of organic acids.
(12) Despite the nearly anaerobic state of the ascites tumor fluid in vivo, cancer cells suspended in this fluid oxidized FFA at least as fast as they do in vitro under aerobic conditions.
(13) Steroid-treated steers showed a slight decline in synthesis which was significant (P less than 0.05) at week +5 post-implant while amino acid oxidation was significantly lower at weeks +2 (P less than 0.01) and +5 (P less than 0.05) compared with control animals.
(14) In the present work, we measured the inactivation of methionine synthase and the concurrent homocysteine export rate of two murine and four human cell lines during nitrous oxide exposure.
(15) These series were prepared by oxidation of the new hydroquinone precursors.
(16) Rhesus monkey BAT mitochondria (BATM) possess an uncoupling protein that is characteristic of BAT as evidenced by the binding of [3H]GDP, the inhibition by GDP of the high Cl- permeability or rapid alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation.
(17) Anaesthesia was achieved by a mixture of oxygen, nitrous oxide and fluothane without use of muscle relaxants.
(18) Endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine and endothelium-independent relaxations to nitric oxide were observed in rings from both strains during contraction with endothelin.
(19) Rapid reaction studies show the formation of an intermediate which is common to both the oxidation and inactivation pathways.
(20) During the carcinogens metabolism compounds are assumed to be formed, those are able to affect oxidative phosphorylation without forming any stable link with the respiratory chain components.