(n.) A rare variety of camphor, C10H17.OH, resembling ordinary camphor, from which it can be produced by reduction. It is said to occur in the camphor tree of Borneo and Sumatra (Dryobalanops camphora), but the natural borneol is rarely found in European or American commerce, being in great request by the Chinese. Called also Borneo camphor, Malay camphor, and camphol.
Example Sentences:
(1) Borneol is an organic drug having property to form eutectic mixture with salicylic acid.
(2) The aromatherapeutical use of commercial valerian root oil (Chinese origin) and of pure fragrance compounds--borneol, isoborneol, bornyl acetate (main constituent of the proved valerian root oil) and isobornyl acetate--as potentially drugs with sedative effects after inhalation was investigated in an animal experiment (mice).
(3) The identity of the major biosynthetic product as borneol was confirmed by chemical oxidation to camphor and crystallization of the derived oxime to constant specific radioactivity.
(4) With the preparation of borneol-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, the stability of the product was improved.
(5) Borneol (I) and isoborneol (II) in synthetic Bingpian are separated by means of dry-column chromatography (DCC).
(6) The results showed that the borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture can evidently increase the absorption rate of borneol and provided a method for manufacturing borneol preparation which can easily be absorbed transdermally.
(7) Sage (Salvia officinalis) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (+)-borneol to (+)-camphor, and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (-)-3-isothujone.
(8) Antithrombotic xinmaining were composed with Moschus, Calculus Bovis, Borneol, Radix Ligusticum, Flos Sophorae Immaturus, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Leech, etc.
(9) As the concept of odorant group plays an important role in the understanding of olfactory coding, an attempt was made to investigate in detail the group properties of a number of structurally and qualitatively related molecules: 1,8 cineole, DL-camphor, borneol, iso-borneol, adamantane, fenchone, fenchyl alcohol, 3,3,5-tri-methyl cyclohexanone, camphene, 1,1,2,2-tetra-bromoethane.
(10) The stereochemistry of the borneol was verified as the (-)-(1S,4S) isomer by oxidation to camphor, conversion to the corresponding ketal with D-(-)-2,3-butanediol, and separation of diastereoisomers by radio-gas-liquid chromatography.
(11) The pathway for the formation of (-)-(1S,4S)-camphor was therefore identical to that previously demonstrated for the (+)-(1R,4R) isomer, involving cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, hydrolysis of this intermediate to borneol, and oxidation of the alcohol to the ketone.
(12) Similarly, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) is shown to contain two electrophoretically distinct dehydrogenases for the respective oxidations of (-)-borneol to (-)-camphor and of (+)-cis-sabinol to (+)-sabinone en route to (+)-3-thujone.
(13) Analysis of the derived benzoates by mass spectrometry demonstrated each of the product borneols to possess an 18O enrichment essentially identical with that of the respective acyclic precursor.
(14) The most optimal concentration of borneol-walnut oil was 20% through clinical and laboratory observations.
(15) Due to its simple composition, significant therapeutic effects and nontoxic reactions, the borneol-walnut oil has been proved a promising external remedy for the treatment of purulent otitis media.
(16) We compared the transdermal absorption rate of borneol alone with that of borneol-salicylic acid eutectic mixture in hairless rats.
(17) In order to enhance the detection sensitivity of various glucuronic acid conjugates (phenol, menthol borneol, estrone and testosterone) in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the compounds were esterified with 4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin in the presence of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 in acetone.
(18) Camphane was hydroxylated to borneol and epiborneol, the latter predominating.
(19) A soluble enzyme preparation from immature leaves of this plant converts the acyclic precursor [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate to the bicyclic monoterpene alcohol borneol in the presence of MgCl2, and oxidizes a portion of the borneol to camphor in the presence of a pyridine nucleotide.
(20) 170 patients were treated with borneol-walnut oil of various concentrations, and the controls (108 patients) were treated with neomycin compound.
Terpene
Definition:
(n.) Any one of a series of isomeric hydrocarbons of pleasant aromatic odor, occurring especially in coniferous plants and represented by oil of turpentine, but including also certain hydrocarbons found in some essential oils.
Example Sentences:
(1) Cyclic terpenes were selected from the chemical classes of hydrocarbons (e.g., alpha-pinene), alcohols (e.g., alpha-terpineol), ketones (e.g., carvone), and oxides (e.g., 1.8-cineole, ascaridole).
(2) From the unsaponifiable fraction (63 g) of linseed oil (25 kg), two terpenic alcohols were isolated by alumina column, thin-layer, and gas-liquid chromatography.
(3) During growth on oat grain the production of 8-carbon alcohols and 3-methyl-1-butanol was higher and the production of terpenes was lower than during growth on agar substrates.
(4) Derivatives of camphor and terpenes have been identified in this particular river.
(5) The organisms were isolated on, and grew rapidly in, mineral salts medium containing the appropriate terpene substrates as sole carbon sources.
(6) These observations are compared with the results obtained with terpenic molecules which interact with mitochondrial respiration.
(7) The terpenes with hydrogen-bonding ability, however, only enhanced propranolol flux (at a level comparable to n-nonanol).
(8) The terpene PAF receptor antagonist BN52021 inhibited the action of PAF on [Ca2+]i. Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker, verapamil (200 microM), antagonized the action of PAF on [Ca2+]i as did chelation of extracellular Ca2+.
(9) Bakuchiol [17], a known prenylated phenolic terpene, was also isolated; its activity was not due to toxicity.
(10) The studies on isolated mitochondria showed a series of effects, starting with the disappearance of the respiratory control and deenergization of the organelles and followed by an inhibition of respiration at higher concentrations of the terpene.
(11) To improve oral litholysis: 1) UDCA was combined with the amino acid taurine, 2) CDCA and UDCA were administered in a single bedtime dose, 3) they were combined, each bile acid in half dosage, and 4) they were mixed with terpenes.
(12) The terpenes prolonged nucleation time from 2.8 to 5.8 days (one capsule; P less than 0.05) and to 9.5 days (two capsules; P less than 0.001), respectively; but nucleation did not occur in seven controls.
(13) Samples collected from 50 mL of ambient air at 87 K (liquid argon) are injected without use of a valve into a silica capillary column which is then temperature programmed from -30 degrees C to 180 degrees C. Hydrocarbons (4 to 10 carbons) as well as carbonyl compounds, chlorinated compounds and terpenes can be identified and quantified.
(14) These results support previous findings suggesting that hydroxylation of the terpene portion of the delta 9-THC molecule significantly reduces intraocular pressure lowering activity.
(15) The problems connected with the measurement of hydrocarbons outside urban areas are considerable: The atmospheric mixing ratios of most of the hydrocarbons are very low--from a few ppb down to some ppt; the mixture of hydrocarbons is extremely complex, ranging from light n-alkanes to alkyl benzenes and terpenes; for measurements in remote areas the logistic conditions often restrict the instrumentation which can be used for sample collection or in situ measurements (such as lack of electric power supply, weight restrictions etc.).
(16) Inhibitors included sulfhydryl reactive compounds, terpene epoxides, and pinane derivatives with substituent groups at carbon 3.
(17) However, rat liver microsomal acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase activity was inhibited by the terpene ester.
(18) The content of n-isoalkans, isoprenoids, monocycloparaffins, bi-and tricyclic naphthenes, steranes and terpenes, olifines, squalene and other polyenes in sunflower, cotton, soya oils and oilcakes was measured.
(19) The genotoxicity of the terpene beta-myrcene was evaluated in mammalian cells in vitro.
(20) Both are terpenes, which are derived by assembly of isoprene units.