(1) In the late 1970s the challenge was to discover the missing pieces of the Standard Model: the W and Z bosons (which carry the weak nuclear force), the top quark and the tau neutrino.
(2) A predecessor to the LHC, a machine called the Large Electron Positron collider at Cern , the particle physics laboratory near Geneva, ruled out the existence of the Higgs boson up to a mass of 114GeV, but saw what might have been hints of the particle before it shut down in 2000 to make way for the LHC.
(3) "There is no doubt that something very much like the Higgs boson has been discovered.
(4) For now, work centres on gathering more and more data from Higgs bosons inside the LHC.
(5) Evidence for the Higgs boson has risen sharply in the past seven months.
(6) Jim Baggott, author of Farewell to Reality: How Fairytale Physics Betrays the Search for Scientific Truth The discovery of the Higgs boson was a triumph for the standard model of particle physics.
(7) "I had a nightmare which is that Cern would discover the Higgs boson and then nothing else.
(8) The report suggests that "finding the Higgs boson, exactly as postulated in the Standard Model, would be a triumph.
(9) To spot the boson, the scientists have to look for unusual excesses of the particles it decays into, which appear as bumps in their data.
(10) The present one is nice and cosy, but it is embarrassing and sad to see many distinguished colleagues queueing up at five in the morning knowing that they have a slim chance to get a seat, after working for 20 years on finding the Higgs boson," said Dorigo.
(11) From previous work, the Higgs boson was thought to have a mass somewhere between 114 and 185GeV (gigaelectronvolts) – one GeV is roughly equivalent to the mass of a proton, a subatomic particle found in atomic nuclei.
(12) "It's going to be the Higgs boson of the brain, a Noah's archive of the mind," he says.
(13) For original approaches to outstanding problems in particle physics, including the proposal of large extra dimensions, new theories for the Higgs boson, novel realisations of supersymmetry, theories for dark matter, and the exploration of new mathematical structures in gauge theory scattering amplitudes.
(14) Ripples of excitement swept through the physics community last month when Cern scientists reported what looked like glimpses of the long-sought Higgs boson .
(15) That moment came today for physicists at Cern , near Geneva, home of the Large Hadron Collider, who announced overwhelming evidence for the obscure but profoundly important Higgs boson, the particle that sparked the greatest hunt in modern science.
(16) Without doubt, CERN has delivered us a new particle that looks every bit like the long-sought-after Higgs boson, which is absolutely central to our understanding of how the universe works at its most elemental level.
(17) These microscopic fireballs of energy condense into well known subatomic particles, but scientists hope that among them they will see other more exotic particles, including the Higgs boson .
(18) Following examples like the Human Genome Project and the Large Hadron Collider (where Higgs' elusive boson was finally discovered), the idea is that a large investment will deliver significant results.
(19) But the Standard Model of particle physics – of which the Higgs boson is part and which describes fundamental particles and forces of nature – hides a terrifying secret: a theoretical composite particle that is so stable it can transform any other particle of matter into a copy of itself.
(20) On Monday, scientists at the Tevatron, which was shut down by the US government last year , fired a parting shot, releasing a fresh analysis that showed their strongest evidence yet for the Higgs boson .
Spin
Definition:
(v. t.) To draw out, and twist into threads, either by the hand or machinery; as, to spin wool, cotton, or flax; to spin goat's hair; to produce by drawing out and twisting a fibrous material.
(v. t.) To draw out tediously; to form by a slow process, or by degrees; to extend to a great length; -- with out; as, to spin out large volumes on a subject.
(v. t.) To protract; to spend by delays; as, to spin out the day in idleness.
(v. t.) To cause to turn round rapidly; to whirl; to twirl; as, to spin a top.
(v. t.) To form (a web, a cocoon, silk, or the like) from threads produced by the extrusion of a viscid, transparent liquid, which hardens on coming into contact with the air; -- said of the spider, the silkworm, etc.
(v. t.) To shape, as malleable sheet metal, into a hollow form, by bending or buckling it by pressing against it with a smooth hand tool or roller while the metal revolves, as in a lathe.
(v. i.) To practice spinning; to work at drawing and twisting threads; to make yarn or thread from fiber; as, the woman knows how to spin; a machine or jenny spins with great exactness.
(v. i.) To move round rapidly; to whirl; to revolve, as a top or a spindle, about its axis.
(v. i.) To stream or issue in a thread or a small current or jet; as, blood spinsfrom a vein.
(v. i.) To move swifty; as, to spin along the road in a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.
(n.) The act of spinning; as, the spin of a top; a spin a bicycle.
(n.) Velocity of rotation about some specified axis.
Example Sentences:
(1) Type 1 changes (decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted spin-echo images and increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images) were identified in 20 patients (4%) and type 2 (increased signal intensity on T1-weighted images and isointense or slightly increased signal intensity on T2-weighted images) in 77 patients (16%).
(2) Electron spin resonance studies indicate the formation of two vanadyl complexes that are 1:1 in vanadyl and deferoxamine, but have two or three bound hydroxamate groups.
(3) The relative rates of reduction of several spin-labeled molecules that partition differently across the hy-drophobic-interface of inner membranes from rat liver mitochondria were investigated.
(4) When reformist industrialist Robert Owen set about creating a new community among the workers in his New Lanark cotton-spinning mills at the turn of the nineteenth century, it was called socialism, not corporate social responsibility.
(5) An unusually high degree of motional freedom is found for both these spin-labels, even in gel phase bilayers.
(6) tert-Butyl hydroaminoxyl is detected as a degradation product of the hydroxyl adduct from all spin traps.
(7) After the first stage of analysis the spin systems of 60 of the 77 residues were assigned to the appropriate residue type, providing an ample basis for subsequent sequence-specific assignments.
(8) A method using selective saturation pulses and gated spin-echo MRI automatically corrects for this motion and thus eliminates misregistration artifact from regional function analysis.
(9) The Iranians have accused the Israelis and the US of designing and deploying Stuxnet, which set some of their centrifuges spinning out of control.
(10) Single vertical spin and electron microscopy analyses of these HDL subpopulations demonstrated that acid elution from the affinity columns caused no detectable change in size and density of the three subpopulation particles.
(11) The Soret MCD of the reduced protein is interpreted as th sum of two MCD curves: an intense, asymmetric MCD band very similar to that exhibited by deoxymyoglobin which we assign to paramagnetic high spin cytochrome a3(2+) and a weaker, more symmetric MCD contribution, which is attributed to diamagnetic low spin cytochrome a2+.
(12) For dipeptides containing the amino terminal residues glycine, alanine and phenylalanine, abstraction of the hydrogen from the carbon adjacent to the peptide nitrogen was the major process leading to the spin-adducts.
(13) A single spin density gradient ultracentrifugation method in a swinging bucket rotor has been applied for the detection and isolation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions.
(14) In addition to rapid motions, slow motions were detected by 1H spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (TH1 rho) and cross-polarization time (TCH), together with data from static spectra, indicating that the aliphatic portion of the detergent interacts more strongly with hydrophobic protein surfaces than do the polar heads.
(15) In addition, the spin lattice relaxation time of the cytoplasmic Cs resonance was approx.
(16) 220 MHz proton Fourier transform (FT) NMR with quadrature phase detection (QPD) technique is applied to observe largely hyperfine-shifted signals of various hemoproteins and hemoenzymes in ferric high-spin state.
(17) Under aerobic conditions, electron spin resonance spectroscopy showed evidence for the production of AZQ semiquinone (AZQH) and oxygen radicals.
(18) With these compounds, the spin density at the nitro group was greater than with nifurtimox, nitrofurazone and nitrofurantoin.
(19) Probing of the active site of microsomal cytochrome P-450 was carried out with a spin label derived from 2-methyl-1,2-bis(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone (metyrapone).
(20) The electronic structure of the low-spin ferric iron in cyanide complex appears to be modulated by halide binding to a protonated amino acid in the distal heme cavity.