What's the difference between bottleneck and retarder?

Bottleneck


Definition:

Example Sentences:

  • (1) Getting them to safety is now vital.” While the EU’s hotspots approach improved the fingerprinting and security vetting of migrants, the auditors said that funding and relocation “bottlenecks” had extended the detention of migrants, with disastrous consequences for children.
  • (2) On the basis of this study the area of the right coronary ostium appears to be a bottleneck with regard to an adequate blood supply to a hypertrophic myocardium.
  • (3) We therefore postulate the presence of an as yet undefined Golgi or post-Golgi bottleneck representing a major obstacle in secretion of recombinant IGFI from S. cerevisiae cells.
  • (4) These results suggest that the use of spatial anatomic knowledge, when combined with good interactive tools, can help to alleviate the segmentation bottleneck in medical imaging.
  • (5) Muller's ratchet could have significant implications for variability of disease severity during virus outbreaks, since genetic bottlenecks must often occur during respiratory droplet transmissions and during spread of low-yield RNA viruses from one body site to another (as with human immunodeficiency virus).
  • (6) For the most part, their journeys pass unseen, until they hit a barrier – the English Channel; the lines of police at Ventimiglia on the Italy-France border; the forests of Macedonia – that creates a bottleneck and leads to scenes of destitution and chaos.
  • (7) The data are consistent with the fine-grained niche theory but difficult to reconcile with bottlenecks and genetic drift.
  • (8) Bottlenecks in service utilization were distance from PHC, and caste, education and income.
  • (9) To promote resilience, job creation and mitigate risks for development, we will prioritize action under the Seoul Consensus on addressing critical bottlenecks, including infrastructure deficits, food market volatility, and exclusion from financial services.
  • (10) Read more pieces like this: The great salty mess: pollution threatens US fresh water resources Climate change may ‘bottleneck’ the Panama Canal and disrupt world trade Advertisement Feature : The water, energy and food nexus - animation The water hub is funded by SABMiller.
  • (11) Experimental bottleneck lines were generated from a single outbred population of the housefly using one, four, or 16 pairs of flies.
  • (12) Indonesia is like a kind of bottleneck and asylum seekers there are trapped in limbo.
  • (13) The bottleneck of refugees in Greece escalated on Sunday as regional officials spoke of a humanitarian crisison the state’s northern border, where 14,000 men, women and children were estimated to be trapped as a result of Macedonia sealing the frontier.
  • (14) The new line would help unlock a bottleneck on the current rail network and a Crewe hub would bring HS2's benefits to places such as Liverpool and North Wales up to six years earlier than originally envisaged.
  • (15) Europe's migrant crisis will not slow and EU nations must share duties, says UN Read more Many of these migrants had spent several days in a bottleneck on the Greek-Macedonian border last week, when the latter country declared a state of emergency for several days before lifting the declaration on Sunday.
  • (16) Videodisc based expert systems help break the bottleneck in relevant medical knowledge representation.
  • (17) The bottleneck theory would propose that qO2 has a constant (maximum) value under these conditions.
  • (18) This restricted flux is also referred to as the respiratory bottleneck.
  • (19) No unique alleles and low heterozygosities were detected in Memphis, Evansville and Jacksonville suggesting that a population bottleneck may have accompanied the founding of these populations.
  • (20) There’s a lot of tension.” As well as a bottleneck on the islands, there is also a buildup of stranded migrants at Greece’s northern borders.

Retarder


Definition:

  • (n.) One who, or that which, retards.

Example Sentences:

  • (1) It is followed by rapid neurobehavioral deterioration in late infancy or early childhood, a developmental arrest, plateauing, and then either a course of retarded development or continued deterioration.
  • (2) Low birth weight, short stature, and mental retardation were common features in the four known patients with r(8).
  • (3) It was found that preterm infants (delivered before 38 weeks of gestation) had nine times the early neonatal mortality of term infants, irrespective of growth retardation patterns.
  • (4) Instead of later renal failure and, of course, mental retardation, it was the histological features of the fetus eyes which permit to diagnose and exhibit both congenital cataract and irido-corneal angle dysgenesis.
  • (5) In the interim, sonographic studies during pregnancy in women at risk for AIDS may be helpful in identifying fetal intrauterine growth retardation and may help raise our level of suspicion for congenital AIDS.
  • (6) Three types of responses were observed: group A, no inhibition of gastric acid secretion occurred in 17 (40%) ulcer patients and in three (18%) controls (p less than 0.05); group B, inhibition of gastric acidity occurred in seven (16%) ulcer patients and in 12 (71%) controls (p less than 0.05), and group C, retarded gastric acid inhibition occurred in 19 (44%) duodenal ulcer patients and in 2 (12%) controls (p less than 0.05).
  • (7) This new way of thinking is reflected in the 1992 AAMR definition of what mental retardation is (Luckasson et al., 1992).
  • (8) Confirmation of the striking correlation between increased urinary ammonia and lowered neonatal ponderal index may afford a simple test for the identification of nutrient-related growth retardation.
  • (9) Governmental officials as well as medical scientists in Taiwan have worked hard in recent years to develop and to implement various measures, such as prenatal diagnosis and neonatal screening, to lower the incidence of hereditary diseases and mental retardation in the population.
  • (10) A lower than normal percentage of REM sleep in these patients was consistent with their retarded intellectual development, which supports current thinking that REM sleep may be a sensitive index of brain function integrity.
  • (11) Bone age has been analyzed mixed-longitudinally in a subsample of 370 patients (660 observations) and showed a slight retardation at all ages between 6 and 13 yr. Development of pubic hair of 91 subjects analyzed cross-sectionally was definitely retarded when compared to adequate reference data.
  • (12) The results also suggest that both alkali metals most probably have been delivered to the suckling pups and some of their toxic effect was retarded.
  • (13) However, patients can be taught how to retard the onset of wrinkles by avoiding unprotected sun exposure, unnecessary facial movements, and certain sleeping positions.
  • (14) Between-group responsivity differences suggest developmental retardation in term (38-42 weeks) SGA newborns, but the faster SGA latencies may reflect 'induced' acceleration in auditory neurophysiologic function.
  • (15) Fifty-one severely retarded adults were taught a difficult visual discrimination in an assembly task by one of three training techniques: (a) adding and reducing large cue differences on the relevant-shape dimension; (b) adding and fading a redundant-color dimension; or (c) a combination of the two techniques.
  • (16) Thus, the patient with asymptomatic bacteriuria and a positive FA test is at greater risk of delivering an intrauterine growth-retarded infant.
  • (17) Diffusional anisotropy of water protons, induced by nonrandom, directional barriers which hinder or retard water motion, is measurable by MRI.
  • (18) Partial duplication of the proximal part of the long arm of chromosome 5, on the other hand, is associated mainly with musculoskeletal abnormalities including muscle hypotrophy and hypotonia, scoliosis, lordosis, pectus carinatum, cubitus valgus, and genu valgum, in addition to psychomotor retardation.
  • (19) In contrast, the same concentration of isopropanol produced narcosis in the dams, retarded body-weight gain and reduced the feed intake.
  • (20) A lysosomal membrane labilizer, vitamin A, exacerbated the cartilage pathology, whereas a stabilizer, cortisone, retarded it.