(n.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.
(n.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
(n.) The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
(n.) The affections; fancy; imagination.
(v. t.) To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
(v. t.) To conceive; to understand.
Example Sentences:
(1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
(4) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(5) The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.
(6) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(7) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(8) The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy.
(9) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(12) Cranial MRI revealed delayed myelination in the white matter but no brain malformation.
(13) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(14) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(15) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(16) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(17) The regional distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was found to be similar to that seen in the rat brain.
(18) We assessed changes in brain water content, as reflected by changes in tissue density, during the early recirculation period following severe forebrain ischemia.
(19) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(20) This study examined both the effect of variations in optical fiber tip and in light wavelength on laser-induced hyperthermia in rat brain.
Encephalitis
Definition:
(n.) Inflammation of the brain.
Example Sentences:
(1) Hyperimmunization with the tick encephalitis and Western horse encephalomyelitis viruses reproduced in the brain of albino mice, intensified the protein synthesis in the splenic tissue during the productive phase of the immunogenesis (the 7th day).
(2) A difference was observed in susceptibility of adult male and female mice to St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus as measured by the death rate after intravenous challenge.
(3) A 24-year-old man from rural Mississippi had a case of California encephalitis (CE) that evolved as a subacute encephalomyelitis.
(4) Experiments were conducted with the tick-borne encephalitis (TE) virus; confirmation of a protective action of cellular immunity in mice was obtained.
(5) Two placebo-controlled double-blind studies were initiated to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine (idoxuridine) in biopsy-provedcases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
(6) The first patient, together with a classical syndrome of hypertensive encephalopathy, had peculiar EEG features consistent with a possible diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis.
(7) Its nonstructural and capsid proteins are most closely related to those of eastern equine encephalitis virus while its glycoproteins are most closely related to those of Sindbis virus.
(8) Trichinella encephalitis remains a rare but life-threatening illness.
(9) A more detailed 3-year survey showed that pig farms positive for Japanese encephalitis antibody were detected at the same sites in Hiroshima near Sapporo as negative farms.
(10) The anti-Banzi viral factor inhibited the in vitro Banzi viral RNA synthesis but not that of Eastern equine encephalitis virus or of Japanese encephalitis virus.
(11) Hydrocephalus and encephalitis in 14-day-old mice was induced by an intracerebral inoculation of a high dose of live Newcastle disease vaccine viruses.
(12) Paired sera from 20 humans with eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus infections and from 17 humans with western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus infections, all with previously demonstrated fourfold or greater rises or falls in hemagglutination-inhibiting, complement-fixing, or neutralizing antibody titers, were tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay.
(13) Data from 30 cases of perivenous encephalitis (PVE) associated with viral diseases reveal pathological changes ranging from lymphocytic cuffing of vessels to severe vasculitis similar to the vasculitis of AHL.
(14) The case is described of a 49-year-old man who developed cryptococcal meningo-encephalitis ten months before his death.
(15) became globally amnesic following an attack of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.
(16) The antibody response against flaviviruses tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), Kyasanur Forest disease (KFD), Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE), West Nile fever (WNF), Japanese B encephalitis (JE), dengue 2 (DEN-2), and yellow fever (YF) was studied in humans after administration of an inactivated TBE virus vaccine.
(17) We report two cases of cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis in immunologically normal adults.
(18) Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus, causes encephalitis and demyelination in susceptible rodents.
(19) Furthermore, in mice inoculated with rProHBmO143 and then inoculated with RVV harboring Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) gene 24-weeks later, no effect was recognized on duration of anti-HBs antibody persistence while anti-JEV antibody is being produced.
(20) The evidence points to the existence of two distinct clinical entities: 1) parkinsonism secondary to encephalitis lethargica, which had its greatest influence on the epidemiology of parkinsonism between 1920 and 1945; and 2) classic parkinsonism, which has undergone little change in the past hundred years.