(n.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.
(n.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
(n.) The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
(n.) The affections; fancy; imagination.
(v. t.) To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
(v. t.) To conceive; to understand.
Example Sentences:
(1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
(4) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(5) The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.
(6) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(7) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(8) The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy.
(9) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(12) Cranial MRI revealed delayed myelination in the white matter but no brain malformation.
(13) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(14) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(15) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(16) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(17) The regional distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was found to be similar to that seen in the rat brain.
(18) We assessed changes in brain water content, as reflected by changes in tissue density, during the early recirculation period following severe forebrain ischemia.
(19) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(20) This study examined both the effect of variations in optical fiber tip and in light wavelength on laser-induced hyperthermia in rat brain.
Ganglia
Definition:
(pl. ) of Ganglion
Example Sentences:
(1) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(2) In schizophrenic patients the density of dopamine uptake sites in the basal ganglia was slightly reduced, mainly in the middle third of putamen.
(3) Increased iron levels in basal ganglia were generally associated with normal or elevated levels of ferritin immunoreactivity, for example, the substantia nigra in PSP and possibly MSA, and in putamen in MSA.
(4) The guanethidine treatment resulted in an 86% absolute reduction in cell number in the superior cervical ganglia of 15 day old rats.
(5) Following injections of HRP into the apex of the heart, the sinoatrial (SA) nodal region and the ventral wall of the right ventricle, we observed that HRP-labeled sympathetic neurons were localized predominantly in the right stellate ganglia, and to a lesser extent, in the right superior and middle cervical ganglia, and left stellate ganglia.
(6) We have characterized previously a model of herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection of rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) following cutaneous infection.
(7) CGRP was localised by immunocytochemistry to both nerves and ganglia in human airways.
(8) We have also studied the distribution of tenascin mRNA in the developing spinal cord and spinal ganglia.
(9) Descending neurons have opposite structural polarity, arising in the brain and terminating in segmental regions of the fused ventral ganglia.
(10) Finally, fosinopril had no effect on the pressor or chronotropic effects of norepinephrine (NE) or 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperinium (DMPP) or electrical stimulation of the sympathetic ganglia of pithed rats.
(11) Translocation occurred after behavioral training of the animal and after application to isolated ganglia of serotonin or phorbol esters.
(12) Blastemas implanted with 2 dorsal root ganglia and simultaneously denervated 14 days after amputation exhibited control levels of cell cycle activity 6 days later, as measured by 3H-thymidine pulse labeling.
(13) It leads to ganglia formation due to mucoid liquefaction.
(14) The deficit in final accuracy in the absence of visual feedback reflects the important role played by the basal ganglia in sensorimotor integration.
(15) They have similar axon trajectories into the thoracic ganglia, where they invade functionally related neuropils.
(16) This agrees with previous ultrastructural observations that, in small mammals, neither basement membranes nor large connective tissue spaces are found inside enteric ganglia.
(17) These include persisting HSVI of only the distal sensible or vegetative neurones and recurrence of infection with further destruction of ganglia-cells.
(18) These observations support the concept that latent infection of sensory ganglia may be the source of virus in recurrent herpetic disease in man.
(19) In contrast, another enzyme associated with glutamate metabolism, aspartate aminotransferase, is rather uniformly distributed within neurons of the sensory ganglia.
(20) Huntington's disease is a dominantly inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing marked pathology in the basal ganglia.