(n.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.
(n.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
(n.) The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
(n.) The affections; fancy; imagination.
(v. t.) To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
(v. t.) To conceive; to understand.
Example Sentences:
(1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
(4) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(5) The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.
(6) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(7) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(8) The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy.
(9) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(12) Cranial MRI revealed delayed myelination in the white matter but no brain malformation.
(13) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(14) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(15) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(16) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(17) The regional distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was found to be similar to that seen in the rat brain.
(18) We assessed changes in brain water content, as reflected by changes in tissue density, during the early recirculation period following severe forebrain ischemia.
(19) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(20) This study examined both the effect of variations in optical fiber tip and in light wavelength on laser-induced hyperthermia in rat brain.
Glioma
Definition:
(n.) A tumor springing from the neuroglia or connective tissue of the brain, spinal cord, or other portions of the nervous system.
Example Sentences:
(1) Clinicians should be aware of this new and unusual association of a cerebral glioma and acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
(2) Gliomas of the pregeniculate anterior visual pathways comprise about 5% of all intracranial tumors that occur in the first decade of life.
(3) The mean mitotic index for the GFAP+ cells was 6% (range 2-12%) as compared to a mean mitotic index of 29% for the GMK-7 glioma cell line.
(4) During the last decade, clinical studies with immunotherapy in recurrent gliomas have been added to the therapeutic regimens.
(5) Furthermore, cytotoxic antibodies had a lytic effect on the autologous glioma cells only in the presence of rabbit complement.
(6) The predominant specific aberrations in gliomas were an over-representation of chromosome 7 (13 cases) and an under-representation of chromosome 10 (16 cases).
(7) We have examined the effect of seven glutamate analogues (five gliotoxic and two neurotoxic) on the growth and viability of four human glioma cell lines, one human medulloblastoma cell line, and one human sarcoma cell line.
(8) We examined the effect of lactic acid on cultured human glioma cell lines expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE).
(9) Cobalt chloride and heat shock, which are potent inducers of HO mRNA in rat liver and rat C6 glioma cells, respectively, have only a small effect on the level of HO mRNA in mouse hepatoma cells.
(10) Similar nucleotide profiles for release of the alpha subunits of forms of Gi were noted for membranes of both the neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line NG108-15 and of human platelets.
(11) Long-term ethanol exposure is known to inhibit bradykinin-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cultures of neuroblastoma x glioma 108-15 cells.
(12) Effect of dalargin, an opioid peptide (a synthetic analogue of Leu-enkephalin), on proliferation and intensity of DNA synthesis of C6 glioma cells was studied.
(13) Pleomorphic glioma cells but especially astrocytoma cells reacted positively also for the GFA protein.
(14) We present interim survival data for a group of 83 adult patients with recurrent malignant glioma treated by implanting stimulated autologous lymphocytes into the tumour bed following surgical debulking.
(15) We present the first reported cases of mixed oligodendrocytic-astrocytic gliomas to occur in two members of the same family, a father and a son.
(16) We have developed a model cell culture system, using NG108-15 neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cells, to study cellular tolerance to ethanol.
(17) The pHi measurements in glioma monolayers were carried out after 2-6 days of continuous exposure to 0.1 mM amiloride at physiological levels of Na+ and HCO3- to simulate the conditions during growth inhibition.
(18) Rat gliomas of subcutaneously transplanted RGc-6 cells were irradiated with X-ray either alone, or combined with ACNU, and the cell-survival was assayed in vitro.
(19) Unlike other tumors, the original pineal calcification could be recognized in two-thirds of glioma cases and was displaced anteriorly and superiorly in most.
(20) Thirty-eight cases of optic gliomas seen at the University of California, San Francisco, were reviewed.