(n.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.
(n.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
(n.) The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
(n.) The affections; fancy; imagination.
(v. t.) To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
(v. t.) To conceive; to understand.
Example Sentences:
(1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
(4) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(5) The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.
(6) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(7) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(8) The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy.
(9) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(12) Cranial MRI revealed delayed myelination in the white matter but no brain malformation.
(13) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(14) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(15) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(16) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(17) The regional distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was found to be similar to that seen in the rat brain.
(18) We assessed changes in brain water content, as reflected by changes in tissue density, during the early recirculation period following severe forebrain ischemia.
(19) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(20) This study examined both the effect of variations in optical fiber tip and in light wavelength on laser-induced hyperthermia in rat brain.
Psychosis
Definition:
(n.) Any vital action or activity.
(n.) A disease of the mind; especially, a functional mental disorder, that is, one unattended with evident organic changes.
Example Sentences:
(1) The issue of the Schizophrenia Bulletin is devoted to articles representing this full range of conceptual and empirical work on first-episode psychosis.
(2) All patients with puerperal psychosis admitted to the Royal Edinburgh Hospital within 90 days of childbirth during the periods 1880-90 and 1971-80 were compared.
(3) Furthermore, they seem to suggest that most cases of cycloid psychosis are not variants of either schizophrenia or major affective disorders.
(4) However, these proskinetic symptoms appeared to be a character trait of an infantile personality rather than a condition following as a consequence of psychosis.
(5) An arrest of a depressive syndrome in manic-depressive psychosis in old age can be attained by an introduction of 150-200 mg of azafen daily.
(6) Cocaine produces simple hallucinations, PCP can produce complex hallucinations analogous to a paranoid psychosis, while LSD produces a combination of hallucinations, pseudohallucinations and illusions.
(7) Other possible adverse effects--such as gastrointestinal disorders, orthostatic hypotension, levodopa-induced psychosis, sleep disturbances or parasomnias, or drug interactions--also require carefully monitored individual treatment.
(8) They included patients with Alzheimer's, Huntington's, dementia and psychosis, the report said.
(9) Happiness psychosis, because of the ecstatic emotions associated therewith, often involves a direct drive to do artistic work.
(10) It is also possible for patients with underlying psychosis to present first to the dental surgeon for jaw correction.
(11) Common alcohol-related complications requiring treatment include: (1) clinicopathologic disorders, often associated with the gastroenterologic or cardiorespiratory systems, including alcoholic cirrhosis, (2) peripheral myoneural effects, (3) neuropsychiatric complications (delirium tremens, acute alcoholic hallucinosis, Korsakoff's psychosis, alcoholic dementia), and (4) psychosocial disability.
(12) By contrast, in Korsakoff's psychosis, posterior temporal rCBF was maintained, although there was a trend to reduced tracer uptake in other cortical areas.
(13) The organic psychosis patients had a significantly lower mean B12 than the others, and were over-represented among the low B12 group.
(14) Tardive dyskinesia may arise from neostriatal supersensitivity and supersensitivity psychosis may arise from mesolimbic supersensitivity in schizophrenics chronically treated with neuroleptics.
(15) A behavioral observation scale (Virginia Polydipsia Scale; VPS) for monitoring drinking patterns was developed and its reliability tested during 25 hours of tandem ratings among six patients with the syndrome of psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIPS).
(16) Higher dosages given to 47 patients did not lead to greater improvement in measures of psychosis, but did produce slightly greater declines in measures of hostility.
(17) Three family members intoxicated with methyl bromide presented with a variety of neuropsychiatric manifestations including coma, severe status epilepticus, hyporeflexia, and acute psychosis.
(18) Forty-three index subjects with a previous history of psychosis or severe depression were compared with 45 pregnant control subjects without any previous psychiatric disorder.
(19) PCP-induced psychosis also uniquely incorporates the formal thought disorder and neuropsychological deficits associated with schizophrenia.
(20) Twenty patients suffering from manic depressive psychosis were interviewed about the prodromes to both manic and depressive episodes.