(n.) The whitish mass of soft matter (the center of the nervous system, and the seat of consciousness and volition) which is inclosed in the cartilaginous or bony cranium of vertebrate animals. It is simply the anterior termination of the spinal cord, and is developed from three embryonic vesicles, whose cavities are connected with the central canal of the cord; the cavities of the vesicles become the central cavities, or ventricles, and the walls thicken unequally and become the three segments, the fore-, mid-, and hind-brain.
(n.) The anterior or cephalic ganglion in insects and other invertebrates.
(n.) The organ or seat of intellect; hence, the understanding.
(n.) The affections; fancy; imagination.
(v. t.) To dash out the brains of; to kill by beating out the brains. Hence, Fig.: To destroy; to put an end to; to defeat.
(v. t.) To conceive; to understand.
Example Sentences:
(1) Here we have asked whether protection from blood-borne antigens afforded by the blood-brain barrier is related to the lack of MHC expression.
(2) The extents of phospholipid hydrolysis were relatively low in brain homogenates, synaptic plasma membranes and heart ventricular muscle.
(3) First results let us assume that clinically silent TIAs also (in analogy to clinically silent brain infarctions) could be detected and located.
(4) Brain and ganglia of embryonic Periplaneta americana were grown for 2 to 3 weeks in a chemically defined medium.
(5) The results indicated that neuropsychological measures may serve to broaden the concept of intelligence and that a brain-related criterion may contribute to a fuller understanding of its nature.
(6) To quantify the size of the lesion in mice, the area of the infarct on the brain surface was assessed planimetrically 48 h after MCA occlusion by transcardial perfusion of carbon black.
(7) However, CT will be insensitive in the detection of the more cephalic proximal lesions, especially those in the brain stem, basal cisterns, and skull base.
(8) The fine structure of neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampal gyrus, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei and locus coeruleus of the brain was postmortem studied in a case of progressive supranuclear palsy.
(9) We similarly evaluated the ability of other phospholipids to form stable foam at various concentrations and ethanol volume fractions and found: bovine brain sphingomyelin greater than dipalmitoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine greater than egg sphingomyelin greater than egg lecithin greater than phosphatidylglycerol.
(10) This study examined the [3H]5-HT-releasing properties of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and related agents, all of which cause significant release of [3H]5-HT from rat brain synaptosomes.
(11) In the present investigation we monitored the incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]glucose into various rat brain glycolytic intermediates of conscious and pentobarbital-anesthetized animals.
(12) Cranial MRI revealed delayed myelination in the white matter but no brain malformation.
(13) When compared with lissencephalic species, a great horizontal fibrillary system (which is vertically arranged in gyral regions) was observed in convoluted brains.
(14) In more than 70 per cent of these, brain injury is the decisive lethal factor.
(15) Brain damage may be followed by a number of dynamic events including reactive synaptogenesis, rerouting of axons to unusual locations and altered axon retraction processes.
(16) Based on our results, we propose the following hypotheses for the neurochemical mechanisms of motion sickness: (1) the histaminergic neuron system is involved in the signs and symptoms of motion sickness, including vomiting; (2) the acetylcholinergic neuron system is involved in the processes of habituation to motion sickness, including neural store mechanisms; and (3) the catecholaminergic neuron system in the brain stem is not related to the development of motion sickness.
(17) The regional distribution of beta-adrenoceptor subtypes was found to be similar to that seen in the rat brain.
(18) We assessed changes in brain water content, as reflected by changes in tissue density, during the early recirculation period following severe forebrain ischemia.
(19) If tracer is introduced into the carotid artery after osmotic treatment, brain uptake is increased by a net factor of 50 (a factor of 70 due to elevation of PA, multiplied by 7 due to infusion by the carotid route) as compared to uptake by normal, untreated brain with infusion into a peripheral vein.
(20) This study examined both the effect of variations in optical fiber tip and in light wavelength on laser-induced hyperthermia in rat brain.
Viscus
Definition:
(n.) One of the organs, as the brain, heart, or stomach, in the great cavities of the body of an animal; -- especially used in the plural, and applied to the organs contained in the abdomen.
Example Sentences:
(1) Four cases of right lower quadrant abscess, each a clinical diagnostic dilemma, were recognized as abscesses surrounding a perforated viscus by application of the "coffee bean" sign on sonographic examination.
(2) attack of pain, retroperitoneal hematoma, hemoperitoneum, rupture into a hollow viscus, infective aneurysm.
(3) Ancillary evidence of a devitalized viscus in a baby who appears to have complete gastric outlet obstruction should suggest the diagnosis of gastric infarction.
(4) Small fistulae may not be suspected when overshadowed by other complications of ulcer disease such as bleeding or perforated viscus.
(5) Four cases with a total of six episodes of pneumoperitoneum were identified where viscus perforation was not documented.
(6) Physicians should suspect child abuse when children have unexplained injuries (especially young children with hollow viscus injuries) even when other signs of child abuse are absent, and they should suspect hollow viscus injury in abused children.
(7) These hemorrhagic pseudo-cysts are very often associated with chronic pancreatitis; they may rupture into a hollow viscus, the peritoneal cavity or into Wirsung's duct.
(8) The most accurate predictors of blunt hollow viscus injury were peritoneal lavage (91%, n = 14) and abdominal tenderness (50%).
(9) According to definition, administration of antibiotics in a perforated hollow viscus or an open fracture is not a prophylaxis.
(10) If the diagnosis of perforated hollow viscus can be eliminated with considerable certainty, then conservative management with careful observation and monitoring may avoid unnecessary surgery, so long as other causes of pneumoperitoneum have been ruled out.
(11) This relatively simple surgical procedure may prove valuable for the correction of neonatal atresia of the esophagus; in particular, when done upon the cranial stump, it affords primary anastomosis of the viscus without undue tension even in cases of faulty esophageal continuity involving a length of several centimeters.
(12) The diagnosis of the spinal injury was frequently delayed when abdominal viscus injury occurred together with a flexion-distraction spinal injury.
(13) Internal gall bladder fistulas with a hollow viscus following dislocation of a gallstone into the intestine represent one of the late sequelae of cholelithiasis.
(14) At all laser energies the depth of tissue vaporization was significantly greater at the higher tissue pressure with perforation of the viscus occurring at laser energies above 10 J.
(15) It is after the third day that complication develop related at one and the same to the past history, classical in such patients, (tobacco, chronic bronchitis, alcoholism) and the ectopic position of an abdominal viscus.
(16) The spinal sensory fields of each viscus were defined using three determinations: craniocaudal extent, principal innervation field, and peak innervation field.
(17) All five subsequently were proved to have a perforated viscus.
(18) Three cases of traumatic rupture of a subperitoneal hollow viscus are reported : two duodenal lesions and one rectal wound.
(19) Hence ampicillin fails appreciably to penetrate the obstructed viscus in obstructive biliary tract disease, and it is unlikely to be effective in treating infection associated with this.
(20) We conclude that PCD can be successfully performed as the initial treatment for IAA associated with a perforated viscus, obviating the first stage of the traditional two-stage surgical approach.