What's the difference between branchial and bronchial?
Branchial
Definition:
(a.) Of or pertaining to branchiae or gills.
Example Sentences:
(1) The position of the cyst supports the theory that branchial cysts are congenital in origin.
(2) Eight to 9 months after the treatment period, at least four fish displayed branchial blastomas.
(3) Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a second branchial arch defect with significant ophthalmologic, dental and craniofacial findings.
(4) Backer's cyst, branchial cyst, lymphangioma, and abscess.
(5) The accessory motoneurons had morphological characteristics and a distribution pattern similar to those of the rostral spinal motoneurons rather than the branchial motoneurons.
(6) Adrenaline addition significantly increased the volume of the branchial arterial circuit at the expense of the venous circuit, illustrating the closing of arterio-venous sphincters under catecholamine control.
(7) It is concluded that this association of truncus arteriosus, aortic arch abnormalities and facial anomalies involves first and fourth branchial arch maldevelopment, and indicates embryological insult between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation.
(8) Branchial anomalies constitute an interesting problem in pediatric surgery.
(9) This necrosis was strikingly more severe in the mandibular rudiment of the first branchial arch than in the maxillary.
(10) A characteristic feature of the sensory nerve terminations of the branchial apparatus in fishes is their arborescent structure, a diffuse disposition of terminal branches and absence of special cells from the receptor.
(11) The third major isoform, which was enriched in the mantle and branchial sac of adults and localized primarily in the tails of tadpoles, is a muscle actin.
(12) Hypoxia caused a marked decrease in heart rate (40%), cardiac output (37%), ventral and dorsal arterial blood pressures (22% and 32%), associated with a constriction of prebranchial veno-venous shunt, and an increase in branchial vascular resistance (30%).
(13) The cervical mass may represent inverted papilloma arising in a branchial cleft cyst or it may be a metastasis of benign papilloma to a regional lymph node.
(14) The patient was a 12-year-old girl with a fistula which appeared to be clinically a second branchial cleft anomaly.
(15) Critical points of changing axial orientation were identified at the mesencephalon, the Rathke pouch and third branchial arch, and with the hepato-cardio-respiratory complex split between the 2 axes.
(16) A female baby at two months old was diagnosed as having birth branchial palsy and was studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which is a non-invasive and safe method for assessing any brachial plexus injury in the infant.
(17) A case of a branchial cyst with a high amylase activity of the cyst fluid was found in a 58-year-old female.
(18) The recordings were made from the mandibular (Vth) and glossopharyngeal (IXth) nerves and the branchial (respiratory) and cardiac branches of the vagus (Xth) nerve.
(19) Our experience is reported in the study of branchial otodysplasias (10 cases, 15 ears) by means of a high-resolution program.
(20) The balance study showed that the major routes of excretion were fecal (40.4% of the dose) and branchial (39.6%).
Bronchial
Definition:
(a.) Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response.
(2) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
(3) An inflammatory process than occurs in the airways that is characterized by an influx of eosinophils and neutrophils into the airway epithelium and bronchial fluids.
(4) 278 children with bronchial asthma were medically, socially and psychologically compared to 27 rheumatic and 19 diabetic children.
(5) Thus, human bronchial epithelial cells can express the IL-8 gene, with expression in response to the inflammatory mediator TNF regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, and with elements within the 5'-flanking region of the gene that are directly or indirectly modulated by the TNF signal.
(6) These data suggest that submaximal exercise and cold air exposure enhance nonspecific bronchial reactivity in asthmatic but not in normal subjects.
(7) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(8) We studied the effect of a 2-hour exposure to 0.6 ppm of ozone on bronchial reactivity in 8 healthy, nonsmoking subjects by measuring the increase in airway resistance (Raw) produced by inhalation of histamine diphosphate aerosol (1.6 per cent, 10 breaths).
(9) Our data indicate that nifedipine decreases bronchial reactivity to methacholine.
(10) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
(11) Submaximal contractions of the bronchial muscle evoked by exogenous substance P (2 X 10(-7)M) were less potently inhibited by these drugs than those evoked by exogenous acetylcholine (2 X 10(-6)M).
(12) Rabbits, affected by acute bronchitis, treated orally with the title compounds showed a considerable reduction of the viscosity of the bronchial mucus.
(13) The essentials of standardizations of bronchial provocation tests from the clinical point of view are mentioned.
(14) Twenty-two patients with rhinitis had a negative bronchial challenge, six had a positive.
(15) Autopsy yielded a clinically unrecognised, dedifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the bronchial system.
(16) We describe a premature infant with progressive worsening of unilateral PIE, which was successfully treated by selective bronchial balloon catheterization after failure of conservative management.
(17) The trachea and the bronchial tree (first through seventh order branches) both synthesized alpha1(II) chains.
(18) Among 1813 persons with bronchial carcinoma in the years 1970-1974 475 were treated with surgery; more than 85% being older than 60 years.
(19) Methacholine challenge demonstrated less bronchial hyperreactivity with the combination or cromolyn alone than with terbutaline alone (p less than 0.02).
(20) After pretreatment of pigs with a combination of the H1- and H2-receptor antagonists terfenadine and cimetidine, the vascular and bronchial responses were strongly reduced to both histamine (by greater than 77%) and ascaris (by greater than 58%), but not to capsaicin aerosol.