(n.) The fruit of a tree (Artocarpus incisa) found in the islands of the Pacific, esp. the South Sea islands. It is of a roundish form, from four to six or seven inches in diameter, and, when baked, somewhat resembles bread, and is eaten as food, whence the name.
(n.) The tree itself, which is one of considerable size, with large, lobed leaves. Cloth is made from the bark, and the timber is used for many purposes. Called also breadfruit tree and bread tree.
Example Sentences:
(1) Two bands of the same size (12 and 15 kD) as the jacalin subunits were the major components in breadfruit seed extract.
(2) There's a path, but I stuck to the road, which wound its way past the favelas, with glimpses down to Sugar Loaf, the islands and sea beyond, and into the forest, with its huge, old breadfruit trees and the kind of plant life I'd only ever seen in the 1970s.
(3) In mice experimentally invaded by H. nana it was shown that the water extraction of breadfruit tree substance is rather less effective than its ethanol extraction and has some purgative action, which increases the therapeutic effect.
(4) Breadfruit trees have been destroyed, the soil isn’t good enough to grow crops.
(5) In vitro bioassay of (a) aqueous methanol extracts (AME) of the green leaves of mimosa (Mimosa pudica), love weed (Cuscuta americana), vervine (Stachytarpheta jamaicensis), chicken weed (Salvia serotina) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis); (b) methanol-water fraction (MWF) of breadfruit leaves, and (c) commercially available drugs albendazole, thiabendazole and levamisole were assayed for nematode inactivating potential, using filariform larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis.
(6) We had curried squash, callaloo, a spinach dish, chicken rice pilau, and "oil down", which you rarely see outside of the Caribbean; breadfruit and salt cod cooked for hours in coconut milk – you just keep adding it until the fruit has absorbed as much as possible.
(7) It50 (time for inactivation of 50% of larvae) values read: levamisole and mimosa extract less than 1 hour; love weed extract, approximately 2 hours; breadfruit (MWF), 9.5 hours; chicken weed, 20 hours; albendazole, 35 hours; breadfruit (AME), 49 hours; thiabendazole, 74 hours and vervine extract, 81.5 hours.
(8) Both cakes and isolates were assessed in a rat bioassay while breadfruit, cassava, and corn starch were also investigated as sources of carbohydrate.
(9) The breadfruit lectin displayed the same IgAl and IgD precipitation specificity as jacalin in gel double diffusion experiments.
(10) In simulated weaning diets, cassava-sucrose-melon-soybean protein isolate based diet performed better (weight gain 33.4 g, PER 1.63, NPR 2.23) than a commercial weaning food (weight gain 30.6 g PER 1.57, NPR 2.18) while replacement of sucrose and cassava at 30% by breadfruit yielded a cost effective diet with good performance (weight gain 29.4 g, PER 1.51, NPR 2.12).
(11) With melon protein isolate, cassava and breadfruit were better carbohydrate sources than corn starch.
(12) Aquous extracts from seeds of Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit) and Artocarpus heterophyllus (jackfruit) were compared by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
(13) And Alex Connell, principal tutor at the Vegetarian Society's cookery school, Cordon Vert, is currently helping students to discover the Caribbean, and its novel use of fresh chilli, spices and sweet ingredients: "It's a good source of new and interesting ingredients, like ackee, callaloo, cassareep and breadfruit."
(14) The effect of treatment and supplementary value of corn (C) or crayfish (CR) on the protein quality of breadfruit (Treculia Africana) flours were studied in eighteen young rats.
(15) Other containers held herbs, or more exotic items, labelled jackfruit and breadfruit.
(16) Breadfruit tree preparations impair in vitro the motility of the cestodes Hymenolepis nana causing their motor excitation, contracture and death.
(17) Diets where soybean protein served as the sole source of protein or breadfruit, white and yellow maize 'ogi' served as the main source of carbohydrate performed only moderately.
(18) These other crops – including baobab, amaranth, breadfruit and the spider plant – have long been neglected by researchers and are often known as 'orphan crops'.
(19) On the other hand, when crayfish was the only source of supplementary protein (30%) to breadfruit cooked without 'akanwu' there were increases in all parameters tested over those with added 'akanwu' except for the N intake, wt.
(20) The drought has also affected the food supply, hitting crops such as breadfruit, bananas and taro.
Upas
Definition:
(n.) A tree (Antiaris toxicaria) of the Breadfruit family, common in the forests of Java and the neighboring islands. Its secretions are poisonous, and it has been fabulously reported that the atmosphere about it is deleterious. Called also bohun upas.
(n.) A virulent poison used in Java and the adjacent islands for poisoning arrows. One kind, upas antiar, is, derived from upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria). Upas tieute is prepared from a climbing plant (Strychnos Tieute).
Example Sentences:
(1) Binding of uPA to filters was blocked by a synthetic oligopeptide containing the known receptor binding region of native uPA.
(2) The synthesis of uPA as a precursor with reduced enzymatic activity as well as decreased affinity for inhibitors is likely to be a mechanism by which normal epidermis regulates plasminogen activation in vivo.
(3) We identified two human melanoma cell lines, MelJuso and MeWo, expressing uPA or tPA as shown at mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity level.
(4) The Jarman UPA score at electoral ward level is not related to psychiatric morbidity, and should not therefore be used for planning local service provision.
(5) Mutants of the pig kidney cell line, LLC-PK1, affected in cAMP metabolism, were examined for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK) activity and for cAMP-mediated induction of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).
(6) Since in addition to fibronectin, that can be degraded by uPA or plasmin, chorioallantoic membrane connective tissue contains collagen, we examined the profile of collagenases secreted by the various cell lines in search for an activity that would coincide with the invasive phenotype.
(7) Rat alveolar epithelial cells produce large quantities of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in vitro, and uPA expression is modulated in association with cellular differentiation and exposure to inflammatory mediators.
(8) Immunoreactive uPA was induced equally by IFN and TNF, but TNF generated higher levels of PAI-2.
(9) Thus, cathepsin B can substitute for plasmin in the proteolytic activation of pro-uPA to enzymatically active HMW-uPA.
(10) Plasmin formation, dependent on the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), is discussed in its biochemical, regulatory and physiological aspects and its involvement in cancer malignancy analysed.
(11) (iv) At high concentrations of sigma factor, only certain adenosine-containing dinucleoside monophosphates (ApU, CpA, UpA, and ApA) stimulate the reaction.
(12) The peptide hormone calcitonin induces the accumulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) mRNA in pig kidney LLC-PK1 cells.
(13) PA activity was also associated with the leading edges of migrating epithelium post-scrape and post-burn and was not inhibited by antibodies to either tPA or uPA but was inhibited by amiloride.
(14) However, the RNase A mutant containing residues 63-74 of angiogenin had greatly diminished catalytic activity against uridylyl-(3'----5')-adenosine (UpA), and slightly increased catalytic activity as an inhibitor of translation in vitro.
(15) Hence receptor-bound uPA will promote plasminogen activation and thus the dissolution of the tumor matrix and the basement membrane which is a prerequisite for invasion and metastasis.
(16) Treatment of A431 squamous carcinoma cells (SqCC) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) has previously been shown to result in an induction of the synthesis and extracellular accumulation of uPA and the plasminogen-dependent proteolysis of extracellular matrix (ECM).
(17) Enzymatic properties of phosphorylated urokinase plasminogen activator (P-uPA) (1) extracted from human carcinomatous cell line Detroit 562 cells were compared with those of non-phosphorylated uPA of urinary origin (nP-uPA).
(18) In all of 10 cases, staining for uPA in the normal colon tissue was confined to scattered fibroblastlike cells in the lamina propria.
(19) It is proposed that uPA:uPA-receptor interaction plays a direct role in physiological and pathological processes that require cell migration.
(20) High molecular weight uPA, either as the single-chain precursor or two-chain activated form, bound to the receptor; however, low molecular weight (33 kD) uPA, tPA, or epidermal growth factor did not compete for binding, demonstrating specificity.