(1) The data also suggest that different factors may be involved in the translation of brome mosaic virus RNA and globin mRNA by this system.
(2) Internal initiation sites which are similarly inactive have also been detected in other viral RNAs (e.g., brome mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus, and polyoma 19S RNA) and this suggests that, although eukaryotic mRNAs can contain more than one initiation site for protein synthesis, only the site nearer the 5' terminus is active in vitro.
(3) To explore the functionality and conservation of specific base differences in the 3' 200 nucleotides of brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA-1 (1t) and RNA-2 (2t) with respect to the 3' end of RNA-3 (3t), all possible permutations were used to exchange these regions among the genomic RNAs.
(4) Aflatoxin B1 was found in one of 100 specimens at a level of 50 ppb in a sample of alfalfa brome hay.
(5) In trial 1, two qualities of alfalfa and smooth brome hays replaced 0, 15, 30 or 100% of an ammonia (NH3)-treated corn cob negative control diet in a digestion trial using 26 mixed breed wethers (31.8 kg).
(6) The mRNA has an untranslated region of 38 residues before the initiation codon, AUG. A unique feature of the 5'-end sequence of the mRNA is that the sequence of 12 nucleotides (GUAUUAAUAAUG) prior to, and including, the initiation codon is the same as that found at the ribosome-binding site for 80S ribosomes in brome mosaic virus RNA4, a eukaryotic mRNA [Dasgupta, R., Shih, D., Saris, C. & Kaesberg, P. (1975) Nature 256, 624-628].
(7) Fortuitously, heterologous messenger RNAs from diverse eukaryotic and viral sources - Drosophila, dog pancreas, rabbit globin mRNA, brome mosaic virus, tobacco mosaic virus - were translated by the HS-lysate with an efficiency comparable to that of the commercial rabbit reticulocyte system and superior to the wheat germ system.
(8) In addition to the conserved 3' region present in all CMV RNAs (307 residues in RNA 1), RNAs 1 and 2 have highly homologous 5' leader sequences, a 12-nucleotide segment of which is also conserved in the corresponding RNAs of brome mosaic virus (BMV).
(9) Based on their polyacrylamide gel migrations, plant virus-associated ubiquitin-immunoreactive proteins were considered to be possible virus structural protein-ubiquitin conjugates of the following viruses: barley stripe mosaic, brome mosaic, cowpea mosaic (two proteins), cowpea severe mosaic (two proteins), and satellite panicum mosaic.
(10) Analysis of translation products synthesized in vitro in the presence of a mixture of brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNAs 1, 2, 3, and 4 usually shows a predominance of coat protein, coded by RNA4.
(11) In order to understand the relationship between replication and aminoacylation of the genomic RNAs of brome mosaic virus, the replication of four mutants, whose RNAs were expected (on the basis of their properties in vitro) to be inefficiently tyrosylated in vivo, was studied in barley protoplasts and plants.
(12) Brome, western wheat, and quack grasses demonstrated RAST inhibition patterns similar to the northern grasses.
(13) The genomic RNAs of brome mosaic virus (BMV) exhibit various tRNA-like properties, including specific tyrosylation by tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases and adenylation of the 3'-CCOH derivative by tRNA nucleotidyl transferases.
(14) Acetylated tyrosyl Brome mosaic virus RNA did not react with the binary complex,and only a slight degree, if any, of stabilization of tyrosine bound to viral RNA was observed after interaction with elongation factor 1.
(15) The nucleotide sequence has been determined for the first 53 bases of brome mosaic virus RNA4, the monocistronic messenger for brome mosaic virus coat protein.
(16) Although the genetic organization of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) differs considerably from that of the tripartite viruses (alfalfa mosaic virus [AlMV] and brome mosaic virus [BMV]), all of these RNA plant viruses share three domains of homology among their nonstructural proteins.
(17) All four components of brome mosaic virus RNA have m(7)G(5') ppp (5')Gp as their 5' terminus.
(18) The effect of ribodinucleoside monophosphates on total protein synthesis was studied in a wheat germ cell-free system, using brome mosaic virus (BMV) RNA as a messenger.
(19) The relative importances of protein-protein and RNA-protein interactions in stabilizing the architecture of brome mosaic virus particles are discussed in the light of the following experimental evidence: (a) disassembly pathways of the virus particles, (b) reassembly of the virus and self-association capacity of the protein moiety, and (c) the role of divalent cations in virus stabilization, and their relevance to localization of the RNA in the virus particles.
(20) Amino acid analyses of cross-linked tryptic peptides revealed that out of the total 188 amino acids of brome mosaic virus coat protein only the 80 N-terminal amino acids are involved in the interaction with viral RNA.
Bromine
Definition:
(n.) One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples of raw cereals imported in Italy and of other foodstuffs that can be treated with bromine-containing fumigants were analysed for the total bromide content.
(2) The normal levels of bromine in human tissue are given and their use in the interpretation of levels found when over-exposure is a possibility is described.
(3) Z-DNA antigen was prepared against poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), which had been converted to the Z-helix conformation in high salt and then stabilized by bromination.
(4) It is found that each of these polymers, including those with brominated bases and those with the four different bases, have a characteristic negative feature at short wavelengths when in the Z form.
(5) Synthesis of hexabromonaphthalenes (HBNs) by direct bromination of naphthalene results in a mixture of two isomers.
(6) In this report the accuracy of this method is established by comparison of spin-label quenching to that obtained using brominated lipids.
(7) 8-Bromo-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate were produced by acylation of 8-bromoinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, respectively; while 8-bromo-2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate was synthesized by bromination of 2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate.
(8) [14C]Bromomisonidazole was prepared by direct bromination of [ring-2] [14C]misonidazole in dioxane.
(9) In November 1984, because of an accident at a chemical plant, the population of a large area in the town of Geneva, Switzerland, was exposed to toxic bromine gas during several hours at concentrations above the short-term exposure limit.
(10) The absolute configuration of the compound was determined by X-ray structure analysis of its dihydrobromide using the anomalous dispersion of bromine.
(11) The hepatic levels of triglycerides, total proteins and glycogen, as well as the weight gain and caloric intake of the animals which were fed 0.1 g of brominated oil per 100 g diet, were similar to those of the control group.
(12) Substrate specificity towards chlorinated and brominated substrates was limited to short chain monosubstituted 2-halocarboxylic acids.
(13) The minor isomer is definitively identified as 2,3,4,5,6,7-HBN by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of brominated [1-13C]naphthalene-derived products.
(14) None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication.
(15) Electrophilic substitution (chlorination, bromination, and iodination) was effected at the C-5 position of compound 3 with N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, and iodine monochloride, respectively, in methylene chloride.
(16) Various soluble tracers were evaluated, among them indium, scandium, and bromine.
(17) This allows a bromine (microgram) to chlorine (mg) ratio to be established (3.2) above which bromine exposure must be considered.
(18) Both dehalogenases show a broad substrate specificity, allowing the degradation of bromine- and chlorine-substituted organic compounds.
(19) The relationship among iodine, bromine and chlorine concentrations in cow's milk samples in Japan was studied with a regression analysis.
(20) The first enzyme was a halophenol para-hydroxylase, a membrane-associated monooxygenase that required molecular oxygen and catalyzed the para-hydroxylation and dehalogenation of chlorinated, fluorinated, and brominated phenols to the corresponding halogenated hydroquinones.