(n.) One of the elements, related in its chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine. Atomic weight 79.8. Symbol Br. It is a deep reddish brown liquid of a very disagreeable odor, emitting a brownish vapor at the ordinary temperature. In combination it is found in minute quantities in sea water, and in many saline springs. It occurs also in the mineral bromyrite.
Example Sentences:
(1) Samples of raw cereals imported in Italy and of other foodstuffs that can be treated with bromine-containing fumigants were analysed for the total bromide content.
(2) The normal levels of bromine in human tissue are given and their use in the interpretation of levels found when over-exposure is a possibility is described.
(3) Z-DNA antigen was prepared against poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC), which had been converted to the Z-helix conformation in high salt and then stabilized by bromination.
(4) It is found that each of these polymers, including those with brominated bases and those with the four different bases, have a characteristic negative feature at short wavelengths when in the Z form.
(5) Synthesis of hexabromonaphthalenes (HBNs) by direct bromination of naphthalene results in a mixture of two isomers.
(6) In this report the accuracy of this method is established by comparison of spin-label quenching to that obtained using brominated lipids.
(7) 8-Bromo-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]-2'-omicron-acetylinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate were produced by acylation of 8-bromoinosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate and 8-[(p-chlorophenyl)thio]inosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate, respectively; while 8-bromo-2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate was synthesized by bromination of 2'-omicron-butyrylguanosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate.
(8) [14C]Bromomisonidazole was prepared by direct bromination of [ring-2] [14C]misonidazole in dioxane.
(9) In November 1984, because of an accident at a chemical plant, the population of a large area in the town of Geneva, Switzerland, was exposed to toxic bromine gas during several hours at concentrations above the short-term exposure limit.
(10) The absolute configuration of the compound was determined by X-ray structure analysis of its dihydrobromide using the anomalous dispersion of bromine.
(11) The hepatic levels of triglycerides, total proteins and glycogen, as well as the weight gain and caloric intake of the animals which were fed 0.1 g of brominated oil per 100 g diet, were similar to those of the control group.
(12) Substrate specificity towards chlorinated and brominated substrates was limited to short chain monosubstituted 2-halocarboxylic acids.
(13) The minor isomer is definitively identified as 2,3,4,5,6,7-HBN by high-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis of brominated [1-13C]naphthalene-derived products.
(14) None of the patients developed brominism or bromine intoxication.
(15) Electrophilic substitution (chlorination, bromination, and iodination) was effected at the C-5 position of compound 3 with N-chlorosuccinimide, N-bromosuccinimide, and iodine monochloride, respectively, in methylene chloride.
(16) Various soluble tracers were evaluated, among them indium, scandium, and bromine.
(17) This allows a bromine (microgram) to chlorine (mg) ratio to be established (3.2) above which bromine exposure must be considered.
(18) Both dehalogenases show a broad substrate specificity, allowing the degradation of bromine- and chlorine-substituted organic compounds.
(19) The relationship among iodine, bromine and chlorine concentrations in cow's milk samples in Japan was studied with a regression analysis.
(20) The first enzyme was a halophenol para-hydroxylase, a membrane-associated monooxygenase that required molecular oxygen and catalyzed the para-hydroxylation and dehalogenation of chlorinated, fluorinated, and brominated phenols to the corresponding halogenated hydroquinones.
Hydrobromic
Definition:
(a.) Composed of hydrogen and bromine; as, hydrobromic acid.
Example Sentences:
(1) The dye is then crystallized by increasing the hydrobromic acid concentration to 0.23 N. Thin-layer chromatography of the purified dyes shows that contamination with related thiazine dyes is absent or negligible.
(2) The epoxy-ring was opened with hydrobromic or hydroiodic acid to give the corresponding 12 alpha-halo-11 beta-alcohols, which were converted to the halo-ketones and finally to methyl 3 alpha,7 alpha-diacetoxy-11-oxo-5 beta-cholan-24-oate.
(3) Its structure was confirmed by a one-step reaction of quinacrine with 48 percent hydrobromic acid.
(4) Thiocyanate could not be used generally for the destruction of nitrosamines; it was also found to be ineffective as an alternative to hydrobromic acid in the estimation of nitrosamines.
(5) A series of 3-(2-chloroethyl)-N-(2-X-ethyl)tetrahydro-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorin -2-amine 2-oxides with various X substituents have been prepared by cyclization of racemic ifosfamide or its enantiomers with sodium hydride and subsequent treatment of intermediary products with hydrobromic acid, diethyl hydrogen phosphate, dibenzyl hydrogen phosphate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and acetic acid.
(6) Grignard reaction of 11 with cyclopropylmagnesium bromide followed by treatment with hydrobromic acid yielded [4-14C]homofarnesyl bromide (13).
(7) The reaction of pyrilamine with 48% hydrobromic acid yielded 2-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)aminopyridine.
(8) Primary and secondary ion exchanges--of hydrochloric acid and hydrobromic acid salts of well hydrolyzing organic bases as well as quaternary ammonium bromide which are important drug substance--taking place on silica gel using methanol as mobile phase have been investigated by thin-layer chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods.
(9) The resulting 1-[[(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]-4-methyl-5H-pyrido- [4,3-b]benzo[e]- and -benzo[g]indoles, as well as hydroxy derivatives obtained by demethylation of methoxylated compounds with hydrobromic acid, were tested for antitumor activity in vitro (leukemic and solid tumor cells) and in vivo on various experimental tumor models using the standard NCI protocols.
(10) Treatment of 3-dehydroretinyl acetate with aqueous hydrobromic acid resulted in the formation of retro-3-dehydroretinyl acetate, which, on alkaline hydrolysis, gave the corresponding alcohol.
(11) Dehydration of 2-hydroxy(ethoxy)-2-aryl-N.N-penta(tetra) methylenemorpholinium bromide was achieved either by heating (175 degrees C) the compound with catalytic amounts of hydrobromic acid, or by refluxing the compound in a glacial acetic acid-hydrogen bromide mixture or by treating it with phosphorus tribromide at room temperature.
(12) A concentrated solution oa azure B is obtained by extracting the carbon tetrachloride layer with 4.5 X 10(-4)N hydrobromic acid.
(13) An IOL is dipped in ethanol containing 0.25 ppm propylene oxide (PO) in a 4 mL vial, 2 drops of freshly distilled hydrobromic acid is added through a septum, and the mixture is warmed at 50 degrees C for 24 h. It is then neutralized by vigorous shaking with sodium bicarbonate, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered.
(14) Bromide and thiocyanate are similar in their catalytic effects on nitrosation, and hydrobromic acid in glacial acetic acid is an effective reagent for denitrosation of nitrosamine.
(15) Butyltin compounds (BuTC) were extracted (as bromides) from tissue homogenates with hydrobromic acid and ethyl acetate.
(16) Effective chemicals included benzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, creosote, formaldehyde, hexadecane, hydrobromic acid, sodium lauryl sulfate, and turpentine.
(17) This sampling method uses a hydrobromic acid-coated charcoal tube to collect EtO as its 2-bromoethanol reaction product.
(18) The extract was mixed with a hydrobromic acid solution.
(19) After deprotection of the piperidine nitrogen atom with 48% aqueous hydrobromic acid solution, the title compounds were obtained by three different methods, viz.