(n.) A colorless liquid, CHBr3, having an agreeable odor and sweetish taste. It is produced by the simultaneous action of bromine and caustic potash upon wood spirit, alcohol, or acetone, as also by certain other reactions. In composition it is the same as chloroform, with the substitution of bromine for chlorine. It is somewhat similar to chloroform in its effects.
Example Sentences:
(1) GSH alone did not serve as a cofactor; however, GSH in the presence of NADPH and oxygen produced an 8-fold increase in the metabolism of bromoform to CO.
(2) Drinking water from several cities was analyzed for these trihalomethanes as well as for bromoform.
(3) Lower blood CO levels were found in rats given 2H-bromoform as compared to rats given bromoform.
(4) Of the 16 contaminants tested, only bromoform produced a pulmonary adenoma response that was significantly greater than the pulmonary adenoma response of vehicle-treated control mice.
(5) The administration of 13C-bromoform led to the formation of similarly enriched 13CO.
(6) The part gives some data about various light volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in surface waters of the industrialized city and its surroundings--the halogenated forms, chloroform and bromoform and the most used solvents trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane.
(7) Seventeen of the 53 compounds (acetaldehyde, 2-aminoanthracene, bromoform, t-butyl hydroperoxide, chlorambucil, trans-cinnamaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene, dimethoxane, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane, formaldehyde, furfural, halothane, HC yellow 4, and picric acid) were found to induce lethal mutations and three (2-aminoanthracene, chlorambucil,and crotonaldehyde) also induced reciprocal translocations.
(8) 80% of the concentrations of chloroform, tri- and tetrachloroethylene were in the range of less than 1 microgram l-1, 90% of bromoform, tetrachloromethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane were found to amount less than 0.1 microgram l-1.
(9) Furthermore, SKF 525-A significantly inhibited the in vivo metabolism of bromoform to CO. Administration of either diethyl maleate or D-penicillamine did not alter the blood CO levels produced in response to bromoform administration.
(10) The amount of TBARS released from liver slices incubated with bromotrichloromethane, carbon tetrabromide, dichloromethane, bromobenzene, chloroform, bromoform, benzyl chloride, bromochloromethane, and carbon tetrabromide correlated with the lethality of these compounds as evaluated by their oral LD50 in rats.
(11) The finely powdered material was fractionated in a density gradient of acetone and bromoform in varying proportions.
(12) Test chemicals included trichloroethylene, vinylidene chloride, bis(2-chloroethyl)ether, ethylene dichloride, and a mixture of carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform.
(13) The bone powder was then fractionated in a bromoform-toluene density gradient to determine its mineralization profile (Ca, P, CO3, and osteocalcin), and X-ray diffraction was used to determine apatite crystal size in some fractions.
(14) It was found that phenobarbital, but not 3-methylcholanthrene, treatment increased the blood CO levels seen after the administration of bromoform as compared to saline-treated controls.
(15) It is generated readily by bombarding nearly saturated aqueous solutions of bromide salts, or bromoform, with 14-MeV protons.
(16) Cytochrome P-450 was found to bind bromoform to produce a type I binding spectrum.
(17) Mutagenicity with one or several procedures shows 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, hexachloroethane, trichloroethylene, bromdichloromethane and bromoform without metabolic activation and dichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, hexachloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene and bromdichloromethane with metabolic activation.
(18) The formation of PBN-free radical adducts has also been observed in phenobarbital-induced rats in vivo when intoxicated with chloroform, bromoform or iodoform, suggesting that the reductive metabolism of trihalomethanes might be of relevance to their established toxicity in the whole animal.
(19) Treatment of rats with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene increased the rate of conversion of bromoform to CO. Cobaltous chloride treatment of rats or storage of microsomal preparations at 4 degrees C reduced the rate of formation of CO from bromoform.
(20) The ability of carbon tetrabromide, benzyl chloride, bromoform, bromobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, and bromochloromethane to inhibit protein synthesis was correlated with their ability to induce lipid peroxidation, and with their LD50.
Chloroform
Definition:
(n.) A colorless volatile liquid, CHCl3, having an ethereal odor and a sweetish taste, formed by treating alcohol with chlorine and an alkali. It is a powerful solvent of wax, resin, etc., and is extensively used to produce anaesthesia in surgical operations; also externally, to alleviate pain.
(v. t.) To treat with chloroform, or to place under its influence.
Example Sentences:
(1) It was readily soluble, however, in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane and chloroform.
(2) Homogenates of these cells in chloroform-methanol solution showed an identical absorption spectrum with pure bilirubin dissolved in the same solution.
(3) Male and female DBA 11 mice recovered from 1 hr of anesthesia with chloroform of fluoroxene apparently unharmed.
(4) After introduction of surgical anesthesia with general agents such as ether and chloroform, a large number of deaths due to anesthetic toxicity were reported.
(5) One was best soluble in modified chloroform-methanol-water mixture (10:10:3) and corresponded most probably to the oligosaccharyl disphosphodolichol (oligo-PP-Dol) described to be significantly increased in LPs of inherited type.
(6) The methanol-ammonia (20:1) and chloroform-methanol-ammonia (2:2:1) systems, used with silica-gel plates, are the most promising for rapid preliminary screening of tuna fish extracts for histamine.
(7) Mice administered chloroform in corn oil displayed a significant degree of diffuse parenchymal degeneration (5 of 10 males and 1 of 10 females) and mild to moderate early cirrhosis (5 of 10 males and 9 of 10 females); significant pathological lesions were not observed in the animals administered corn oil without chloroform nor in mice receiving chloroform in 2% Emulphor.
(8) When citrate was reacted with HOCl, beta-ketoglutaric acid, monochloroacetone, dichloroacetone, and trichloroacetone were produced as reaction intermediates and chloroform as a final product.
(9) A methanol-aqueous KCl extraction is used, followed by cleanup with clarifying agents and partition into chloroform.
(10) An almost pure form of the bovine heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is released from the membrane by shaking submitochondrial particles with chloroform.
(11) The use of a chloroform:methanol extraction of 10 ml of fluid resulted in recoveries of at least 90% of the glycosaminoglycans, otherwise an insoluble product resulted.
(12) The primary finding was that chloroform increased the yield of renal tubular adenomas and adenocarcinomas in male rats in a dose-related manner.
(13) Three new euglobals with acylphloroglucinol-monoterpene structures, named euglobal -G1 (1), -G2 (2), and -G3 (3) were isolated from the chloroform extract of the juvenile leaves of Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae).
(14) However, the concentration of endotoxin in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma could be measured with this Limulus test after lysing the platelets to release the endotoxin and subsequently removing the inhibitory proteins by chloroform precipitation.
(15) The ethanolic extract from rat liver mitochondrial membranes contains a number of highly polar complex lipids, which are found in the aqueous layer when subjected to the usual chloroform-water partition procedures.
(16) Addition of chloroform and molybdate caused an accumulation of cold acetate in large sediment cores and of [14C]acetate in small cores to which [14C]bicarbonate had been added.
(17) A variety of protected peptides up to tetradecapeptides have been chromatographed at pressures of 50 to 150 psi and obtained in analytically pure from within 2 to 4 h. With such commonly used protecting groups as N-benzyloxycarbonyl (Z), N-2-(p-biphenylyl)-2-propyloxycarbonyl (Bpoc), N-t-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc), O- and S-t-butyl (But), and S-acetamidomethyl (Acm), compounds were sufficiently soluble in chloroform, alcohols, acetic acid, or mixtures of these solvents for column loading.
(18) Both 31Si and 68Ge were water extractable (47%-74% and 38%-89%, respectively) from liver cell organelles; 45%-81% 31Si and 66%-90% 68Ge were extractable in 10% TCA, while only 10%-59% of either isotope were extractable in organic solvents (acetone, chloroform, ethanol).
(19) The mobile phase consisted of a high percentage of methanol or acetonitrile with a small amount of chloroform.
(20) Treatment of this ketone with either phenyllithium or phenylamagnesium bromide in ether at room temperature followed by solvolysis of the resulting alcohol in a mixture of trifluoroacetic acid, sodium azide, and chloroform gave a mixture of cis- and trans-3-azido-3-phenylbicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes.