(a.) Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response.
(2) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
(3) An inflammatory process than occurs in the airways that is characterized by an influx of eosinophils and neutrophils into the airway epithelium and bronchial fluids.
(4) 278 children with bronchial asthma were medically, socially and psychologically compared to 27 rheumatic and 19 diabetic children.
(5) Thus, human bronchial epithelial cells can express the IL-8 gene, with expression in response to the inflammatory mediator TNF regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, and with elements within the 5'-flanking region of the gene that are directly or indirectly modulated by the TNF signal.
(6) These data suggest that submaximal exercise and cold air exposure enhance nonspecific bronchial reactivity in asthmatic but not in normal subjects.
(7) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(8) We studied the effect of a 2-hour exposure to 0.6 ppm of ozone on bronchial reactivity in 8 healthy, nonsmoking subjects by measuring the increase in airway resistance (Raw) produced by inhalation of histamine diphosphate aerosol (1.6 per cent, 10 breaths).
(9) Our data indicate that nifedipine decreases bronchial reactivity to methacholine.
(10) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
(11) Submaximal contractions of the bronchial muscle evoked by exogenous substance P (2 X 10(-7)M) were less potently inhibited by these drugs than those evoked by exogenous acetylcholine (2 X 10(-6)M).
(12) Rabbits, affected by acute bronchitis, treated orally with the title compounds showed a considerable reduction of the viscosity of the bronchial mucus.
(13) The essentials of standardizations of bronchial provocation tests from the clinical point of view are mentioned.
(14) Twenty-two patients with rhinitis had a negative bronchial challenge, six had a positive.
(15) Autopsy yielded a clinically unrecognised, dedifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the bronchial system.
(16) We describe a premature infant with progressive worsening of unilateral PIE, which was successfully treated by selective bronchial balloon catheterization after failure of conservative management.
(17) The trachea and the bronchial tree (first through seventh order branches) both synthesized alpha1(II) chains.
(18) Among 1813 persons with bronchial carcinoma in the years 1970-1974 475 were treated with surgery; more than 85% being older than 60 years.
(19) Methacholine challenge demonstrated less bronchial hyperreactivity with the combination or cromolyn alone than with terbutaline alone (p less than 0.02).
(20) After pretreatment of pigs with a combination of the H1- and H2-receptor antagonists terfenadine and cimetidine, the vascular and bronchial responses were strongly reduced to both histamine (by greater than 77%) and ascaris (by greater than 58%), but not to capsaicin aerosol.
Bronchus
Definition:
(n.) One of the subdivisions of the trachea or windpipe; esp. one of the two primary divisions.
Example Sentences:
(1) Currently, photodynamic therapy is under FDA-approved clinical investigational trials in the treatment of tumors of the skin, bronchus, esophagus, bladder, head and neck, and of gynecologic and ocular tumors.
(2) The mean length of the right main bronchus was found to be 1.09 cm (range from 0 to 2.9 cm).
(3) The bronchi were involved more often than the trachea and the foreign body was located more frequently at the right bronchus (38 pt).
(4) On bronchogram and pulmonary arteriogram, the trachea and right bronchus were compressed and shifted with the anomalous origin of left pulmonary artery which originated from the right pulmonary artery and passed between the trachea and esophagus.
(5) Morphometric study of mouse bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) using an image analyser and histological sections at close and regular intervals was carried out in lungs of control and influenza infected mice two to three months old.
(6) Biological activity has been determined on the rabbit pulmonary artery (RPA) and hamster trachea (HT) preparations, chosen as representative of the NK-2A and NK-2B receptor subtypes, respectively, and on the rabbit bronchus (RB), guinea-pig bronchus (GPB), human urinary bladder (HuUB), human ileum (HuI) and human colon (HuC) preparations to verify the previously described NK-2A character of these tissues.
(7) Radionuclide studies of regional perfusion and ventilation proved more sensitive and more specific than tests of overall lung function for the functional assessment and follow-up of patients with unresectable carcinoma of the bronchus.
(8) A defect was created in the thoracic trachea in nine piglets (10 kg) by excising a segment from the entire thoracic trachea proximal to the right upper lobe bronchus (3 to 3.5 cm in length) and 30% of the circumference in width (1 to 1.5 cm).
(9) Significantly increased standardized mortality ratios were determined for cancer of the trachea, bronchus, and lung for the entire cohort.
(10) In the middle lobe, a medial subsegmental bronchus of a lateral segmental bronchus and a superior and inferior subsegmental bronchus of a medial segmental bronchus are always located medial to the corresponding artery.
(11) In conclusion, obliteration of the inner margin of the central vein and the opacity that decreased the radiolucency extending to the peripheral side of the upper lobe bronchus are strongly suggestive of interlobar lymph node enlargement.
(12) Fatale haemoptysis occurred as a result of circumferential caustic erosion to the right intermediate bronchus caused by a tablet of ferrous sulphate which remained in contact for 4 days.
(13) Endothelin (ET)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) was detected in the human cardiopulmonary system, with the highest levels being found in the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by the lung, right atrium, pulmonary artery, bronchus, pulmonary vein and left ventricle.
(14) The authors present the case of a patient with a carcinoid tumor of the left main bronchus.
(15) Aspiration of foreign material may lead to a localised lesion which simulates carcinoma of the bronchus both clinically and radiographically.
(16) Lobectomy with sleeve excision of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery was done in 3 patients, of which one had bilobectomy plus one segmentectomy with segmental bronchoplasty, lobectomy with wedge excision of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery in 2, lobectomy with wedge excision of the bronchus and sleeve excision of the pulmonary artery in 2, lobectomy with sleeve excision of the bronchus and wedge excision of the pulmonary artery in 1, and regular lobectomy with sleeve excision of the pulmonary artery in 1.
(17) Leiomyoma of the trachea and bronchus is a rare tumor.
(18) We report a case of inflammatory polyp in a male patient, which was totally obstructing the left main bronchus but could be removed by simple endoscopic traction.
(19) This study investigated the effects of neurokinin A (NKA) on cholinergic neural responses in human bronchus.
(20) Exclusion from external ventilation was performed in animal experiments by instillation of Ethibloc, an amino acid glue, in one main bronchus to create an atelectasis.