(a.) Belonging to the bronchi and their ramifications in the lungs.
Example Sentences:
(1) Bronchial challenge caused an immediate asthmatic response.
(2) Some of those drugs are able to stimulate the macrophages, even in an aspecific way, via the gut associated lymphatic tissue (GALT), that is in connection with the bronchial associated lymphatic tissue (BALT).
(3) An inflammatory process than occurs in the airways that is characterized by an influx of eosinophils and neutrophils into the airway epithelium and bronchial fluids.
(4) 278 children with bronchial asthma were medically, socially and psychologically compared to 27 rheumatic and 19 diabetic children.
(5) Thus, human bronchial epithelial cells can express the IL-8 gene, with expression in response to the inflammatory mediator TNF regulated mainly at the transcriptional level, and with elements within the 5'-flanking region of the gene that are directly or indirectly modulated by the TNF signal.
(6) These data suggest that submaximal exercise and cold air exposure enhance nonspecific bronchial reactivity in asthmatic but not in normal subjects.
(7) These findings suggest that aerosolization of ATP into the cystic fibrosis-affected bronchial tree might be hazardous in terms of enhancement of parenchymal damage, which would result from neutrophil elastase release, and in terms of impaired respiratory lung function.
(8) We studied the effect of a 2-hour exposure to 0.6 ppm of ozone on bronchial reactivity in 8 healthy, nonsmoking subjects by measuring the increase in airway resistance (Raw) produced by inhalation of histamine diphosphate aerosol (1.6 per cent, 10 breaths).
(9) Our data indicate that nifedipine decreases bronchial reactivity to methacholine.
(10) Possible explanations of the clinical gains include 1) psychological encouragement, 2) improvements of mechanical efficiency, 3) restoration of cardiovascular fitness, thus breaking a vicous circle of dyspnoea, inactivity and worsening dyspnoea, 4) strengthening of the body musculature, thus reducing the proportion of anaerobic work, 5) biochemical adaptations reducing glycolysis in the active tissues, and 6) indirect responses to such factors as group support, with advice on smoking habits, breathing patterns and bronchial hygiene.
(11) Submaximal contractions of the bronchial muscle evoked by exogenous substance P (2 X 10(-7)M) were less potently inhibited by these drugs than those evoked by exogenous acetylcholine (2 X 10(-6)M).
(12) Rabbits, affected by acute bronchitis, treated orally with the title compounds showed a considerable reduction of the viscosity of the bronchial mucus.
(13) The essentials of standardizations of bronchial provocation tests from the clinical point of view are mentioned.
(14) Twenty-two patients with rhinitis had a negative bronchial challenge, six had a positive.
(15) Autopsy yielded a clinically unrecognised, dedifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the bronchial system.
(16) We describe a premature infant with progressive worsening of unilateral PIE, which was successfully treated by selective bronchial balloon catheterization after failure of conservative management.
(17) The trachea and the bronchial tree (first through seventh order branches) both synthesized alpha1(II) chains.
(18) Among 1813 persons with bronchial carcinoma in the years 1970-1974 475 were treated with surgery; more than 85% being older than 60 years.
(19) Methacholine challenge demonstrated less bronchial hyperreactivity with the combination or cromolyn alone than with terbutaline alone (p less than 0.02).
(20) After pretreatment of pigs with a combination of the H1- and H2-receptor antagonists terfenadine and cimetidine, the vascular and bronchial responses were strongly reduced to both histamine (by greater than 77%) and ascaris (by greater than 58%), but not to capsaicin aerosol.
Rhonchus
Definition:
(n.) An adventitious whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when the air channels are partially obstructed. By some writers the term rhonchus is used as equivalent to rale in its widest sense. See Rale.
Example Sentences:
(1) Some authors distinguish between "rhonchus" and "wheeze," but the terms, for most, appear to mean the same thing.