(1) The pullets were housed in battery brooder pens with raised wire floors.
(2) In the brooder study, neither total mortality nor mortality from SDS was significantly affected by cereal type.
(3) One-half of the birds from each treatment were immediately given access to feed and water in pens of brooder batteries; the remainder were held 3 days in transportation boxes before placement in other pens of the same batteries.
(4) The control of ectoparasites, before the use of modern insecticides, became vastly simplified as mechanical incubators and brooders replaced the hen, and as the birds were provided with better housing.
(5) An experiment with a factorial arrangement of treatments using four levels of dietary lactate (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5% calcium lactate) and four levels of dietary glucose (0, 15, 30, and 45% cerelose) was conducted to determine the effect of these compounds on the incidence of sudden death syndrome (SDS) in 1,280 male broiler chickens reared in battery brooder cages to 4 wk of age.
(6) Half the chicks in each experiment was brooded Days 1 to 7 on brooding paper, which covered the litter within a brooder ring.
(7) In the second experiment, birds were reared either in battery brooders and grow-out cages or floor pens from Day 1 to 63.
(8) A high incidence of a dermatitis on the upper part of the beak was also observed in poults maintained in battery brooders but not in floor pens.
(9) In Experiment 1, birds were maintained in battery brooders for 21 days then housed in floor pens from Day 22 to 70.
(10) Three experiments using day-old chicks were conducted in battery brooders to further study the rye-vitamin D antagonism.
(11) Six experiments were conducted with male broiler chicks kept in battery brooders to investigate the effects of feeding diets high in copper on the integrity of the gizzard lining.
(12) The chicks were naturally infected with MAS, whereas hatchmates fed the same diets but in a separate facility (battery brooder) did not exhibit signs of MAS and, therefore, were considered controls.
(13) In the first two experiments, the broilers were raised in floor pens to 6 wk of age, and in the third experiment they were raised in battery-brooder cages to 4 wk of age.
(14) The birds were kept in separate wire-floored brooders and growout batteries, fed unmedicated broiler-starter rations ad libitum, and killed 7 days postchallenge.
(15) Four hundred and eighty Hubbard x Hubbard broilers were randomly placed in battery brooders, with 10 birds per pen.
(16) Corn-soybean meal diets calculated to contain 1.5% calcium and either .35, .55, .75, .95, or 1.15% available phosphorus were fed to battery brooder reared poults for 3 weeks.
(17) Day-old White Mountain cockerels were reared in electrically-heated battery brooders and given access to either a 23% protein control ration (no choice) or two diets containing 10% or 60% protein with or without supplemental amino acids.
(18) The drop in infected cells was restored to control values if chicks were returned to brooder temperatures.
(19) The poults were housed in battery brooders with wire screen floors in four experiments" and in floor pens with litter in one experiment.
(20) Day-old Cobb x Cobb broiler chicks were housed in battery brooders for 21-day feeding periods during two experiments.
Incubator
Definition:
(n.) That which incubates, especially, an apparatus by means of which eggs are hatched by artificial heat.
Example Sentences:
(1) The fraction of the viral dose which became cell associated was independent of the incubation temperature and increased with increasing target membrane concentration.
(2) Incubation with IFN alpha or IFN gamma for 24 h resulted in only modest cytokinetic alterations, and they did not modify the effects of FUra.
(3) Immunocompetence was also evident when the cells from thymectomized donors were first incubated with thymus extract for 1 hr and subsequently tested for reactivity.
(4) Collagen production of rapidly thawed ligaments was studied by proline incubation at 1 day, 9 days, or 6 weeks after freezing and was compared with that of contralateral fresh controls.
(5) However, decapitation did not eliminate the sex difference in the tissue content of P4 during control incubations.
(6) Release of 51Cr was apparently a function of immune thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) because it was abrogated by prior incubation of spleen cells with anti-thymus antiserum and complement but was undiminished by passage of spleen cells through nylon-wool columns.
(7) Augmentation of transformation response was generally not seen at 40 degrees C; incubation at that temperature was associated with decreased cellular viability.
(8) Sperm were examined at 4.5 h, 8 to 9 h, and 24 to 25 h of incubation (37 degrees C, 5% CO2, and 95% air).
(9) Arteries treated with atrial natriuretic peptide showed no alterations in relaxation or cGMP content after incubation with pertussis toxin.
(10) A similar interference colour appeared after incubating sections of rat skin with chymase.
(11) Short incubations with heparin (5 min) caused a release of the enzyme into the media, while longer incubations caused a 2-8-fold increase in net lipoprotein lipase secretion which was maximal after 2-16 h depending on cell type, and persisted for 24 h. The effect of heparin was dose-dependent and specific (it was not duplicated by other glycosaminoglycans).
(12) Cells (1 x 10(5)) were seeded in 12- x -75-mm tissue culture tubes and incubated with various doses of IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, alone or in specific combinations, for 15 min, two, 12, 24, and 72 h. PGE concentrations in the media were measured by radio-immunoassay.
(13) Control incubations revealed an inherent difference between the two substrates; gram-positive supernatants consistently contained 5% radioactivity, whereas even at 0 h, those from the gram-negative mutant released 22%.
(14) In K+-depolarized basilar arteries, ifenprodil competitively antagonized the response to Ca2+, and this was enhanced by pre-incubation in calcium hopantenate.
(15) The enzyme was quantitated by incubation of 16-micron-thick brain sections with 0.07-2 nM of the converting enzyme inhibitor 125I-351A and comparison to 125I-standards.
(16) This capacity is expressed during incubation of the bacteria with the substrate and needs a source of carbon and other energy metabolites.
(17) Finally, it could be observed that elevated osmotic pressures reduced the lysis of isolated secretory granules when bicarbonate ions were present in the incubation medium.
(18) The disappearance of the herbicide, Avadex (40% diallate), from five agricultural soils (differing in either pH, carbon content, or nitrogen content), incubated under sterile and non-sterile conditions, was followed for a period of 20 weeks.
(19) Three effector: target ratios (6.2:1, 25:1, and 50:1) were studied in quadruplicate using 3, 4 and 5-h incubations.
(20) Plaque size, appearance, and number were influenced by diluent, incubation temperature after nutrient overlay, centrifugation of inoculated tissue cultures, and number of host cells planted initially in each flask.