(n.) A small protuberance on the stem or branches of a plant, containing the rudiments of future leaves, flowers, or stems; an undeveloped branch or flower.
(n.) A small protuberance on certain low forms of animals and vegetables which develops into a new organism, either free or attached. See Hydra.
(v. i.) To put forth or produce buds, as a plant; to grow, as a bud does, into a flower or shoot.
(v. i.) To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the manner of a bud, as a horn.
(v. i.) To be like a bud in respect to youth and freshness, or growth and promise; as, a budding virgin.
(v. t.) To graft, as a plant with another or into another, by inserting a bud from the one into an opening in the bark of the other, in order to raise, upon the budded stock, fruit different from that which it would naturally bear.
Example Sentences:
(1) Serially sectioned rabbit foliate taste buds were examined with high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) and computer-assisted, three-dimensional reconstruction.
(2) Small pieces of anterior and posterior quail wing-bud mesoderm (HH stages 21-23) were placed in in vitro culture for up to 3 days.
(3) They are capable of synthesis and accumulation of glycogen and responsible for its transfer to sites of more intense metabolism (growth, bud, blastema).
(4) Pupils who disrupt the learning of their classmates are dealt with firmly and, in many cases, a short suspension is an effective way of nipping bad behaviour in the bud."
(5) Tissue sections, taken from foliate and circumvallate papillae, generally revealed taste buds in which all cells were immunoreactive; however, occasionally some taste buds were found to contain highly reactive individual cells adjacent to non-reactive cells.
(6) They were formed by budding off from the cytoplasmic projections of the osteoblastic tumor cells.
(7) These antibodies were used to study the localization and synthesis of myosin heavy chain and tropomyosin in the limb buds of premetamorphic (stage VI-VII) tadpoles treated with triiodothyronine (T3) to induce metamorphosis.
(8) In contrast, sporoblasts and budding and free sporozoites in mature oocysts were labeled uniformly on the outer surfaces of their plasma membranes, indicating a uniform distribution of CS protein on these membranes.
(9) Other experiments further implicated actin in the budding process during virus maturation, as there appeared to be a specific association of actin in vitro only with nucleocapsids that have terminated RNA synthesis, which is presumably a prerequisite to budding.
(10) By the time the bud was half the diameter of the mother cell, it almost always bore a vacuole.
(11) The ICC assay demonstrated the production of infectious HIV-1 particles and budding of mature virions was observed by electron microscopy.
(12) We report now that the hormonal metabolite of vitamin D3, namely 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, stimulates chondrogenesis in cultures of stage 24 chick embryo limb bud mesenchymal cells, as evidenced by morphologic changes as well as by increased transcription of collagen type II and core protein genes.
(13) Lysis ability was acquired by growth in (or transfer to) an osmotically stabilized environment, but only under conditions which permitted budding.
(14) Intralobar pulmonary sequestration has generally been considered a congenital malformation in which an accessory lung bud develops, is enveloped by normal lung, and retains its systemic arterial supply.
(15) Consequently mother cells can switch their mating type whereas bud cells cannot.
(16) At the former site the membrane overlying the bud showed an electron opaque thickening which imparted to the mature particle an asymmetrical appearance.
(17) Recently, cDNA clones encoding several bovine CKI isoforms have been sequenced that show high sequence identity to the HRR25 gene product of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; HRR25 is required for normal cellular growth, nuclear segregation, DNA repair, and meiosis.
(18) Budding "yeast-like organisms" that were consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans appeared in tissue specimens.
(19) This decrease in virus release appeared to be due to interference with the virus budding process due to antibody-mediated modulation of virus-induced cell surface antigens.
(20) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) was tested for its ability to stimulate a chemotactic response in Stage 24 embryonic chick limb bud mesenchymal cells and muscle-derived fibroblasts.
Sprout
Definition:
(v. t.) To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.
(v. t.) To shoot into ramifications.
(v. t.) To cause to sprout; as, the rain will sprout the seed.
(v. t.) To deprive of sprouts; as, to sprout potatoes.
(v. i.) The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, from the stump, or from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree; more rarely, a shoot from the stem of a plant, or the end of a branch.
(v. i.) Young coleworts; Brussels sprouts.
Example Sentences:
(1) Dietary factors affect intestinal P450s markedly--iron restriction rapidly decreased intestinal P450 to beneath detectable values; selenium deficiency acted similarly but was less effective; Brussels sprouts increased intestinal AHH activity 9.8-fold, ECOD activity 3.2-fold, and P450 1.9-fold; fried meat and dietary fat significantly increased intestinal EROD activity; a vitamin A-deficient diet increased, and a vitamin A-rich diet decreased intestinal P450 activities; and excess cholesterol in the diet increased intestinal P450 activity.
(2) Cell Biol., 101:1990-1998), the fetal antigen is specifically associated with regions of neuronal sprouting and, therefore, can be used as a molecular marker of neurite growth.
(3) Histological examination showed that in many cases these terminal sprouts appeared to reinnervate abandoned junctional sites on adjacent denervated fibers.
(4) Cytokines may be involved in stimulation of dystrophic neuritic sprouting, neuronal death, and amyloid deposition noted in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients.
(5) This finding suggested that in addition to growing within the host, xenogeneic transplants may also stimulate a compensatory sprouting response from the host.
(6) These results suggest that purified laminin can facilitate and guide process outgrowth of 5-HT, DA and NE neurons during early developmental stage, but does not induce sprouting on these same fiber types in the adult brain.
(7) The vascular system develops during embryonic development by at least two distinct processes; vasculogenesis is the development of blood vessels from in situ differentiating angioblasts and angiogenesis is the sprouting of capillaries from pre-existing vessels.
(8) Finally, using a newly developed paradigm for examining the composition of regenerating axons by axonal transport, we determined that significant amounts of the 57 kDa neuronal IF protein were conveyed into the regrowing axonal sprouts of DRG neurons.
(9) mRNA was prepared from muscle at different times after denervation: a maximal increase was obtained already after 1 day, consistent with an involvement in sprouting.
(10) Thus vascular sprouting and proliferation of viable tumor cells is confined to basal regions of the tumor.
(11) The bean sprout enzyme catalyzed ferredoxin-dependent electron transfer from NADPH to equine cytochrome c at a high rate but, unlike the spinach enzyme, exhibited little NADPH to 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol diaphorase activity.
(12) Three days following implantation of 2 x 10(5) tumor cells onto the striated skin muscle, capillary sprouts were noted in the tumor cell mass.
(13) Virtually no B-50 immunoreactivity was seen in control nerves, but bright immunofluorescence appeared in regenerating sprouts.
(14) The nucleoside phosphotransferase from malt sprouts contains one Mg2 per dimeric enzyme molecule.
(15) The contrasting effects on sprouting and the eventual quality of repair of mechanically lesioned nerves have suggested a mechanism whereby sprouting may regulate perikaryal adjustments to injury.
(16) Neurotoxin lesioning of 5-HT fibers selectively induced the homotypic collateral sprouting of spared 5-HT fibers in the hippocampus.
(17) In control rats, a similar sprouting reaction occurred, but the maximal distance of elongation rarely exceeded 1 mm.
(18) After differentiation, both Ewing's and neural lines developed neuritic processes with varicosities and little arborization, except for the initially undifferentiated Ewing's line (A4573) which displayed extensive lateral sprouting from neuritic processes after differentiation.
(19) Preterminal, intranodal, and intraterminal sprouting were found to significantly increase from 1 to 6 months following partial denervation.
(20) In the cerebellum a progressive regeneration and apparent sprouting of NE fibers was observed.